A general term for the indigenous groups living in South America, in central and southern Chile, and across the Andes in Argentina. The Araucanos of Argentina migrated from Chile after contact with white people. They are divided into three groups: the Picunche, the Huilliche, and the Mapuche. The Picunche were defeated and assimilated by the Spanish army by the end of the 17th century, and the Huilliche are culturally indistinguishable from the mixed-race Chileans around them. Only the Mapuche who live on reservations still retain their traditions to some extent. The Mapuche repelled the Inca army and fiercely resisted the Spanish. The Mapuche resistance continued until 1882, but since then they have lived on reservations and settled in one place without moving small villages as they did in the past. The Mapuche are one of the few large indigenous groups remaining in South America, with a population of 500,000 to 1 million in Chile, 60,000 in Argentina, and about 30,000 in Huilliche. There is a growing trend among young people to go to the cities to get an education and find work, and tens of thousands of Mapuche live in Chile's capital, Santiago. [Hideo Kimura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ、チリ中南部と、アンデス山脈を越えたアルゼンチンに住む先住民集団の総称。アルゼンチンのアラウカノは白人との接触以後チリから移住したものである。ピクンチェPicunche、ウィジチェHuilliche、マプーチェMapucheの三つの集団に分けられるが、ピクンチェは17世紀末までにスペイン軍に敗れて同化され、ウィジチェは周囲の混血チリ人と文化的に区別がつかなくなっており、いまだにある程度伝統を保っているのは保留地に住むマプーチェだけである。マプーチェはインカ帝国の軍隊を撃退し、スペイン人に対しても激しく抵抗した。マプーチェの抵抗は1882年まで続いたが、その後は保留地に住み、かつてのように小さな村を移動させることなく1か所に定着している。このマプーチェは、南アメリカに残る数少ない先住民大集団の一つであり、マプーチェの人口はチリに50~100万人、アルゼンチンに6万人、ウィジチェは3万人ほどである。若者の間には、町に出て教育を受けたり、仕事を探したりする傾向が強まり、チリの首都サンティアゴにも数万人のマプーチェが住む。 [木村秀雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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