Oodomari

A port city located in the depths of Aniwa Bay in the southern part of Karafuto (Sakhalin). The Russian name Korsakov has been used during the Imperial Russian period and to this day. Population 33,000 (2003 estimate). It has a slightly cold maritime climate, with snowfall from mid-October to late May of the following year. It belongs to the Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Federation, and was incorporated as a city in 1946. There are factories making paper, cardboard, seafood, and agar.

During the Edo period, the city was called Kushunkotan and had a guardhouse, and in 1869 (Meiji 2), a branch office of the Hokkaido Development Commission was established there. In 1875, the city became Russian territory under the Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands, but after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), it became Japanese territory, and before World War II, it was the location of the Otomari Branch Office of the Sakhalin Prefecture. Even back then, it was Sakhalin's largest port city, with a population of 21,779 (1942), and there was a railway ferry to Wakkanai, and regular ferries to Otaru and other cities. There was a paper mill affiliated to Oji Paper Co., Ltd. in the vicinity, fox farming and vegetable cultivation were carried out, and ship repairs and seafood processing were carried out within the city. The route had ceased operation with the last sailing in 1945 (Showa 20), but regular ferry services were resumed in 1995 (Heisei 7) with the launch of ferry services from Otaru Port and Wakkanai Port (operating from May to September).

[Kazuo Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

樺太(からふと)（サハリン）南部、亜庭(あにわ)湾の奥にある港湾都市。ロシア名コルサコフКорсаков／Korsakovは、帝政ロシア時代および現在に用いられている。人口3万3000（2003推計）。やや寒冷な海洋性気候で、10月中旬から翌年5月下旬までは降雪をみる。ロシア連邦ではサハリン州に属し、1946年より市制を敷く。製紙、厚紙、水産加工、寒天製造などの工場がある。

　江戸時代には久春古丹(くしゅんこたん)と称し、番屋が置かれ、1869年（明治2）には開拓使の支庁が置かれた。1875年「樺太・千島交換条約」によってロシア領となったが、日露戦争（1904～05）後、日本領となり、第二次世界大戦前は樺太庁大泊支庁の所在地であった。当時から樺太第一の港湾都市で、人口2万1779（1942）を数え、稚内(わっかない)との間に鉄道連絡船、小樽(おたる)などとの間に定期船が就航していた。近郊には王子製紙系の製紙工場があったほか、キツネ養殖、野菜栽培が行われ、市内では船舶修理、水産加工が行われた。航路は1945年（昭和20）の出航を最後にとだえていたが、1995年（平成7）に小樽港、稚内港からフェリーが就航、定期航路が復活した（運行は5～9月）。

［渡辺一夫］

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