The five great emperors who ruled the Roman Empire in succession were Nerva (96-98), Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138), Antoninus Pius (138-161), and Marcus Aurelius (161-180). Each of them achieved great things and is known as the Five Good Emperors. The four emperors other than Nerva were adopted by the previous emperor and took the throne, so they are also called adopted emperors. By adopting them, the Roman Empire was able to avoid the cruel battles surrounding the succession and the ascension of foolish sons to the throne, and to welcome the best man to the throne. This period of the Roman Empire was, on the whole, a time of peace and prosperity, with many Roman-style cities built throughout the empire and the people of the provinces enjoying the benefits of Roman culture. However, behind this prosperity, the shadow of the decline of the empire was already creeping up. [Masatoshi Ichikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ帝国で相次いで君臨した5人の名皇帝。すなわち、ネルウァ(在位96~98)、トラヤヌス(在位98~117)、ハドリアヌス(在位117~138)、アントニヌス・ピウス(在位138~161)、マルクス・アウレリウス(在位161~180)の諸帝。それぞれりっぱな業績を残し、五賢帝と呼び習わされる。ネルウァ以外の4人の皇帝は、それぞれ前の皇帝により養子とされて帝位についたので、養子皇帝ともよばれる。養子という方法で、帝位継承にまつわる陰惨な争いや暗愚な息子の即位を避けて、最良者を皇帝に迎えることができた。ローマ帝国のこの時代は、全体としてみれば平和と繁栄の時代であり、帝国各地に多数のローマ風の都市が建てられ、属州民もローマ文化の恩恵に浴した。しかしこの繁栄の陰には早くも帝国衰退の影が忍び寄っていた。 [市川雅俊] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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