Italian politician and sociologist. Since 1894, he has been a priest in Caltagirone (Sicily), where he engaged in political evangelization activities in the local area. He published the Christian Democratic weekly magazine "The Cross of Constantine" (1897), organized Catholic associations, and was elected deputy mayor of Caltagirone (1905). He subsequently served as secretary of the Catholic Action Committee (1915-1917) and vice-president of the Italian Federation of Municipalities (1912-1924). In 1919, he founded the Italian People's Party, a Catholic political party based on the separation of politics and religion, and became its secretary-general. It was mainly due to Sturzo's achievements that the People's Party, which was the ruling party under Mussolini's government, turned to anti-fascism in 1923. In July of the same year, he resigned under pressure from the Vatican authorities, and was forced to go into long-term exile abroad from 1924 (in London until 1940, then in New York). During this time he was involved in anti-fascist activities and produced a series of cultural works. On his return to the United States in 1946 he continued his writing career and was elected Senator for life in 1953. [Yasuro Shigeoka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家、社会学者。1894年以来カルタジローネ(シチリア)の司祭として地方の政治的教化活動を展開。キリスト教民主主義の週刊誌『コンスタンティヌスの十字架』を発刊(1897)、カトリック諸組合を組織し、カルタジローネの副市長に選ばれた(1905)。ついでカトリック行動委員会の書記(1915~1917)、イタリア自治体連盟の副議長(1912~1924)を歴任。1919年に政治と宗教の分離に基づくカトリック政党であるイタリア人民党を創設し、書記長に就任した。ムッソリーニ政権の与党であった人民党が1923年に反ファシズムに転じたのは、おもにストゥルツォの功績であった。同年7月彼はバチカン当局の圧力により辞職し、翌1924年から長期の海外亡命を余儀なくされた(1940年までロンドンに、その後ニューヨーク)。その間、反ファシズム活動に従事するとともに、文化的労作を次々に発表。1946年に帰国すると著述活動を続け、1953年には終身上院議員に選ばれた。 [重岡保郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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