Family planning

Japanese: 家族計画 - かぞくけいかく
Family planning

It is the planned regulation of the number of children and birth intervals between births, etc., by couples taking into consideration their living conditions and goals, such as occupation, income, housing, and age, based on the national population policy and the wishes of each family, with the aim of maintaining a desirable population level and stabilizing family life. In modernized societies, the number of couples who use birth control to plan for conception at the desired time and birth to the desired number of children has increased. Some couples, who are unable to conceive despite their desire due to infertility, plan to undergo treatment to conceive and give birth.

Family planning started as a private life plan for each household, and spread as a movement to maintain and improve quality of life in response to social changes, but now it is also a method of social population planning. As society modernized, the population rapidly increased into a "high birth rate and low death rate" pattern, so family planning, mainly birth control, became widespread to prevent overpopulation. However, as the population shifted to a "low birth rate and low death rate," family planning policies, mainly supporting planned births to maintain an appropriate population, became more important. Developing countries are in the "high birth rate and low death rate" stage, so they implement family planning policies that limit births to one or two children. In developed countries, including Japan, there is a significant decrease in birth rates and birth rates, and population decline and super-aging are predicted, so family planning and childcare support policies are being expanded with the aim of keeping the population at a plateau (static population).

[Shigeru Yamate]

[Reference] | Birth Control

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

望ましい人口水準の維持や家族生活の安定を目的とし、国家の人口政策や、それぞれの家庭の意向に基づいて夫婦が職業、収入、住宅、年齢などの生活条件や生活目標を考慮して、産児数や出産間隔などを計画的に調節することをいう。近代化した社会では、受胎調節を行って、希望する時期に受胎し、希望する数の子供を出産するよう計画している夫婦が増加した。一部の夫婦は、不妊症のため希望しても妊娠しない場合、治療を受けて、妊娠、出産するよう計画している。

 家族計画は、私的な各家庭の生活設計として始まり、社会変化に対応する生活維持・向上運動として普及したが、現在では社会的な人口計画の方法にもなっている。社会の近代化に伴って、人口は「多産少死」型になって急激に増加したので、人口過剰を防ぐために産児制限を主とする家族計画が普及した。しかし「少産少死」型に移行するに伴って、適正人口を維持するための計画出産支援を主とする家族計画政策が重視されるようになっている。発展途上国は「多産少死」の段階にあるため、産児を1人または2人に制限する家族計画政策を実施している。日本を含む先進諸国では、少産・少子化が著しく、人口の減少および超高齢化が予測されるようになったため、人口を横ばい状態(静止人口)に保つことを目的として、家族計画・育児支援政策が拡充されている。

[山手 茂]

[参照項目] | 受胎調節

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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