A phonetic script that was slightly modified from the Sogdian script used by the Sogdians to make it easier for Turks to use. It is also called the Neo-Sogdian script. It is thought to have been invented and used by Turks before the Uighurs, but the time of its origin is unclear. Many of the documents that remain are Manichaeism, Nestorian Christianity, and especially Buddhist scriptures written by Uighurs who migrated to Central Asia after the 9th century, as well as various economic documents, contracts, official documents, and letters. At first, it was written horizontally from right to left like the Sogdian script, but gradually it changed to vertical writing, and at the same time, cursive script became popular especially after the Mongol Empire period (13th century). This script was adopted by the Mongols, and after modification, it is still used in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China today. In the Turkic world, it fell out of use with the Islamization of the country, except for some Buddhist scriptures. The Manchu script also inherited the Mongolian script, which was based on the Uighur script. [Umemura Tan] "Haneda Toru, Collected Papers on Historical Studies by Dr. Haneda, Volume 2: Language and Religion" (1957/Republished in 1975 by Dohosha Publishing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ソグド人の使っていたソグド文字をチュルク(トルコ)系の人々が使いやすいように若干変革した表音文字。新ソグド文字ともよばれる。ウイグル人より以前のチュルク人によって考案、使用されたものと考えられるが、その起源となった時期は明確でない。資料として多く残っているのは、9世紀以降に中央アジアに移住したウイグル人が書き残したマニ教、ネストリウス派キリスト教や、とくに仏教の教典、そのほか各種の経済証文、契約書、公文書、手紙などである。当初はソグド文字に倣って右から左への横書きであったが、しだいに縦書きに変わり、同時にとくにモンゴル帝国期(13世紀)以後には草書体が盛んに使われるようになった。この文字はモンゴル人に採用され、改変ののち、現在でも中国の内モンゴル自治区では使われている。チュルク人世界では、一部の仏典を除き、イスラム化とともに廃れていった。なお満州文字も、ウイグル文字を基礎としたモンゴル文字を継承したものである。 [梅村 坦] 『羽田亨著『羽田博士史学論文集 下巻 言語・宗教篇』(1957/再刊・1975・同朋舎出版)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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