Proctology - proctology

Japanese: 肛門科 - こうもんか（英語表記）proctology

A branch of medicine that specializes in diseases of the rectum and anus. It was originally a department of surgery. The anus is the lowest end of the digestive tract, where the digestive tract transitions to the skin. The veins under the mucous membrane are well developed, making it prone to many diseases, including hemorrhoids. Japanese people in particular suffer from hemorrhoids for various reasons, including their lifestyle, diet, bowel habits, and the toilet they use. Specialists who treat hemorrhoids have separated from surgery and begun to call themselves proctologists, and in 1950 it became a medical specialty. As a result, many Japanese proctologists specialize in hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

直腸および肛門の病気を専門に扱う医学の一分科。そもそもは外科の一部門。肛門は消化管の最下端で，消化管が皮膚に移行する部分で，粘膜下の静脈がよく発達しており，痔をはじめ多くの疾患が発症しやすい。とくに日本人は，その生活様式，食物，排便習慣，使用便器など諸種の原因から痔が多く，痔を主として扱う専門医が外科から独立して肛門科を標榜するようになり，1950年診療科目の一つとなった。したがって日本の肛門科では，痔核(いぼ痔)，痔裂(切れ痔)，痔瘻（じろう）を専門に扱うものが多い。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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