An antibody produced in the body against a toxin. When a toxin is repeatedly injected into an animal, antibodies that react specifically to the toxin (antibody) and neutralize the toxic effects are produced in the serum. This is called an antitoxin or antitoxin serum. High-potency antitoxins are used in serum therapy, which is used to treat and prevent toxic diseases. In 1890, Kitasato Shibasaburo and E. Behring discovered serum therapy by extracting toxin from pure cultured tetanus bacteria, injecting it into rabbits to produce antitoxin, and then injecting this serum into humans. Antitoxins are specific, and diphtheria antitoxin only works against diphtheria bacteria. It is more resistant than toxins, and dried serum can withstand heating to 110°C, so it can be stored for a fairly long period of time at low temperatures, in the dark, and in a vacuum. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
毒素に対して生体内でつくりだされる抗体。毒素を繰返し動物に注射すると,抗体であるその毒素に特異的に反応してその毒作用を中和する抗体が,血清中に出てくる。これが抗毒素あるいは抗毒素血清といわれるものである。力値の高い抗毒素は血清療法といって,毒素性疾患の治療や予防に用いられる。 1890年に北里柴三郎と E.ベーリングは,純粋培養した破傷風菌から毒素を取出し,これをウサギに注射して抗毒素をつくらせて,この血清を人間に注射するという血清療法を発見した。抗毒素には特異性があり,ジフテリア抗毒素はジフテリア菌にしかきかない。毒素より抵抗性が強く,乾燥血清では 110℃の加熱に耐えられるので,低温,暗所,真空内でかなり長期間保存できる。
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