Hong Seung-cho -

China's first bureaucrat in the late Ming and Qing dynasties. A native of Nan'an County, Fujian. His courtesy name was Gen'en and his pen name was Hengjiu. His posthumous name was Wenxiang. He was a Jinshi in 1616. At the end of the Ming, after distinguishing himself in suppressing the rebellion of Li Zicheng, he served as the governor of Jiliao and defended against the Qing, but was captured by the Qing army in Songshan in 1642 and surrendered. After entering the Qing in 1644, he became a university scholar, and from 1645 to 1648 he was in charge of pacifying the Jiangnan region in Nanjing, and from 1653 to 1660 he led the expedition against the remaining Ming forces in southern China. He contributed greatly to the unification of China by advising the Manchu leaders of the Qing Dynasty on the state of affairs in China, and although he was often suspected of having anti-Qing intentions during this time, he handled the situation carefully and avoided any trouble, and was allowed to retire in 1861.

[Kishimoto Mio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の官僚。福建南安県の人。字(あざな)は彦演(げんえん)、号は亨九(こうきゅう)。諡(おくりな)は文襄(ぶんじょう)。1616年の進士。明末、李自成(りじせい)の乱の討伐に功をたてたのち、薊遼(けいりょう)総督として対清防衛にあたったが、42年松山(しょうざん)で清軍に捕らえられ投降した。44年清の入関後、大学士となり、45～48年南京(ナンキン)で江南平定の任にあたり、53～60年には華南で残明勢力征討を指揮した。清朝の満州人首脳部に中国事情を進言して中国統一に資するところが大きく、その間しばしば反清的意図を疑われたものの慎重な対処によって事なきをえ、61年隠退を許された。

［岸本美緒］

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