Amhara people - Amhara (English spelling)

Japanese: アムハラ族 - アムハラぞく（英語表記）Amhara

An ethnic group living in the central plateau of Ethiopia. They are thought to have formed around the 6th to 1st centuries BC by interbreeding with the indigenous Cushitic tribes and the conquering Semitic tribes that migrated from southern Arabia. Their population is estimated at over 20 million, making them comparable in size to the Cushitic Galla people in Ethiopia. They maintained control over Ethiopia for a long time after settling. They formed a hierarchical society with a dynasty at the top and developed a large landlord system, but after the military revolution in February 1974, the emperor was abolished and the land system was significantly reformed. Amharic belongs to the Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic language family and has been the official language of Ethiopia since the 13th century. The majority of the inhabitants are poor peasants who grow teff, the staple food, as well as other grains such as wheat, barley, and corn, and raise livestock such as cattle and sheep. However, the relative ease of movement between classes is said to be the main factor that stabilized the social system. The relationship between protector and protected permeates every corner of society. The Ethiopian people practice the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which is a branch of Coptic Christianity. They are closely related to the neighboring Tigrayan people in terms of culture, religion, language and characteristics, and while they compete with each other, they share a sense of unity based on a historical perspective.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

エチオピアの中央高原に居住する民族。ほぼ前6～1世紀にかけて，アラビア南部から移住してきたセム語系の征服民族と，先住のクシ語系諸族とが混血して形成されたと考えられる。人口は 2000万をこえると推定され，エチオピアではクシ語系のガラ族と並ぶ規模をもつ。定着以来長くエチオピアの支配を維持した。王朝を頂点として階層社会を形成し，大地主制度を発達させたが，1974年2月の軍事革命後，皇帝は廃され，土地制度もかなり改革された。アムハラ語は，アフロ＝アジア語族のセム諸語に属し，13世紀以来エチオピアの公用語である。住民の大多数は，貧困な小作農として主食のテフをはじめ，小麦，大麦，とうもろこしなどの穀類を栽培し，牛，羊などの家畜も飼養する。しかし，階層間移動が比較的容易であったことが社会制度を安定させた主要因とされる。保護者，被保護者の関係が社会のすみずみまで浸透している。宗教は，コプト教の流れをくむエチオピア正教を信仰する。隣接するティグレ族とは，文化，宗教，言語および形質的に近縁であり，競合しながらも，歴史観に基づく一体感を共有している。

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