Lying in bed - Gajun

…A large plane turned upside down with the blade facing up and pressed against the material with the hand is called a shoujiki, and is mainly used by coopers to shave the joints of wood. In ancient China, this shoujiki was called a gajiyun, and was also used by coopers, and in Japan it was used around the 16th century. Planes originally had one blade, but in the early Meiji period, a two-blade plane with a back blade to prevent reverse grain was invented, and two-blade planes have since become commonplace. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "lying flat" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…大型の鉋を逆さにして刃を上面にし，材を手で持って押して削るものを正直（しようじき）というが，主として桶屋が板の矧手（はぎて）削りに用いる。この正直は古代中国では臥準（がじゆん）といい，やはり桶職人が使い，日本でも16世紀ころには用いていた。　鉋刃はもともと1枚であったが，明治初期に，逆目防止用に裏刃を付した二枚鉋が創案され，以後二枚鉋が普通になった。…

※「臥準」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報