A method of measuring extremely weak light using an external quantum effect type photodetector such as a photomultiplier tube. By gradually weakening the incident light while observing the output of the photomultiplier tube with an oscilloscope with a sufficiently fast response, it can be seen that the output, which appeared as countless superimposed pulses, changes to a series of separate, discrete pulses. This is because each electron that leaves the photocathode is multiplied by a secondary electron and then appears in a separated form at the output side. In this state, it is difficult to measure the average value of these charges as an average current, but the purpose can be achieved by counting the output pulses. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
光電子増倍管など外部量子効果型の光検出器を用いた,極微弱光の測定法の一つ。光電子増倍管の出力を十分に早い応答をもつオシロスコープで観測しながら入射光をしだいに弱めていくと,無数のパルスが重畳する形で現れていた出力が,分離したとびとびのパルス列に変わっていくことがわかる。これは光電面を飛び出す電子の一つ一つが二次電子増倍されてのち,出力側に分離された形で現れるからである。この状態では,それら電荷の平均値を平均電流として測定することは困難であっても,出力パルスを計数することによって目的は達せられる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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