Craft education - Craft education

It originated from handicrafts, which was added to the curriculum of higher elementary schools in 1886 (Meiji 19) under the influence of Western educational thought. At first, it had a strong industrial education character, but since then, many teaching philosophies such as work-oriented, aestheticism, and science education have been proposed, and it has gone up and down, and in 1941 (Showa 16), it was positioned as a general education subject. According to the National School Ordinance of the same year, "arts and crafts are intended to acquire ordinary knowledge and skills related to the production of objects, cultivate common sense regarding the operation of machines, and cultivate the ability to invent and consider." After World War II, it was revised to arts and crafts in 1947 (Showa 22), and was also included as a subject in elementary and junior high schools. After that, in 1958, the productive content of arts and crafts and the general education content of vocational and home economics were extracted to create technology and home economics in junior high schools, which continues to this day.

[Atsuo Kawahara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1886年（明治19）欧米の教育思潮の影響を受けて、高等小学校の科目に加えられた手工科を起源とする。当初は工業教育としての性格が強かったが、以来、勤労主義、審美主義、理学教育説など多くの指導理念が提唱されて消長を繰り返し、1941年（昭和16）に一般教育教科として位置づけられた。同年の国民学校令によると「芸能科工作ハ物品ノ製作ニ関スル普通ノ知識技能ヲ得シメ、機械ノ取扱ニ関スル常識ヲ養ヒ工夫考察ノ力ヲ培フモノトス」となっている。第二次世界大戦後改められ、47年（昭和22）図画工作科として、小学校・中学校の教科でもあった。その後、中学校では58年、図画工作科の生産的内容と、職業・家庭科の一般教育的内容とを抽出し、技術・家庭科が創設され、現在に至っている。

［河原淳夫］

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