Choreography - Choreography

Japanese: 振付 - ふりつけ（英語表記）choreography

A dance term. The act of creating or arranging dance in dance arts such as ballet, opera, and musicals. The choreographer selects dancers for each part of the work and arranges the dancers' movements and the order of steps. In dances with theatrical content such as classical ballet, choreography is based on a theme or story, while in pure dances without a plot, the focus is on creating and arranging new movements. In works with new music, the choreographer and composer discuss in detail, and the composer may even dictate the rhythmic pattern and length of the notes. The most basic form of choreography is seen in simple circles and straight lines in folk dance, while in artistic dance, geometric shapes such as diagonals, squares, rectangles, circles, semicircles, and spirals have developed. These were the main elements of court ballet in the 17th century, but when drama was eventually incorporated into ballet (→ Ballet d'Accion), more expressive movements were pursued. In the 19th century, tiptoe techniques were introduced, and more acrobatic choreography also appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, modern dance was born, which rejected previous forms and produced original choreography, which had a great influence on other dances. Choreography was once difficult to record and had to be passed down from dancer to dancer by imitation, so much of it was lost, but with R. Laban's dance notation system, choreography has been preserved in its entirety (→dance notation). In the United States and other countries, systematic university education is also available. In reality, however, choreographers learn mainly through observation and experience, and dancers generally learn by imitating the choreographer's movements.

Choreography

It is also called Anmai. In Japanese dance, the movement is said to match the lyrics. However, as the accompanying music changes, this tendency is disappearing.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

舞踊用語。バレエ，オペラ，ミュージカルをはじめとする舞踊芸術において，舞踊を創作あるいはアレンジすること。作品の各部分の踊り手を選定し，踊り手の動き，ステップの順序などを振付師が組立てる。古典バレエなど演劇的内容をもつ舞踊では，主題や物語にそって振付が行われ，筋をもたない純粋舞踊では，新しい動きの創造やアレンジが中心となる。また新しい音楽による作品の場合は，振付師と作曲家が綿密に打合せ，リズム・パターンや音の長さまで作曲家に指示されることもある。振付の最も初歩的な形態は民俗舞踊の単純な円形，直線などにみられ，芸術舞踊では対角線，正方形，長方形，円形，半円形，螺旋形など幾何学的形態が発達した。これらは 17世紀の宮廷バレエの主要素をなしたが，やがてドラマがバレエに取入れられると (→バレエ・ダクシオン ) ，より豊かな動きによる表現が追求された。 19世紀に入ると爪先立ち (ポアント) の技法が取入れられ，さらにアクロバティックな振付も出現。 20世紀初めにはモダン・ダンスが生れ，それまでの形式を排して独創的な振付が行われて，そのほかの舞踊にも多大な影響を与えた。振付はかつて記録がむずかしく，模倣によって踊り手から踊り手へと受継がれねばならなかったため，失われるものも多かったが，R.ラバンの舞踊記譜法によって完全な形で残されるようになった (→舞踊譜 ) 。アメリカなどでは系統的な大学教育もなされている。しかし実際には，おもに観察・経験によって振付師が学び，踊り手は振付師の動きを模倣して学ぶのが一般的である。