Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control

Japanese: 公害対策基本法 - こうがいたいさくきほんほう
Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control

This law was enacted in 1967 to determine the basic matters for pollution control, and was in force until November 19, 1993, when the Basic Law for the Environment was promulgated and put into effect, at which point it was abolished. Law No. 132 of 1967. In light of the fact that the prevention of pollution is extremely important in ensuring the health and cultural lives of the nation, this law aims to comprehensively promote pollution control measures by clarifying the responsibilities of businesses, the national government, and local public organizations with regard to the prevention of pollution, and by prescribing the basic matters for measures related to the prevention of pollution, thereby protecting the health of the nation and preserving the living environment (Article 1), and prescribes various measures.

That is, firstly, it defines pollution as damage to human health or the living environment caused by air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise, vibration, land subsidence, and offensive odors (Article 2), then it prescribes the basic principles or concepts of policies such as the setting of environmental standards (Article 9), policies of the national and local governments (Articles 10 onwards and Article 18 onwards), the formulation of pollution prevention plans (Article 19 onwards), the settlement of pollution disputes and relief for damage (Article 21), and cost burden (Article 22), and finally it provides for the Pollution Control Council and the Pollution Control Council (Articles 25 onwards and Article 27 onwards).Many of these policies have individual laws enacted to implement them, and the policies that are directly based on this law are the setting of environmental standards and the formulation of pollution prevention plans.

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference items] | Offensive Odor Prevention Law | Environmental Standards | Basic Environmental Law | Pollution | Land Subsidence | Water Pollution Prevention Law | Noise Regulation Law | Air Pollution | Air Pollution Prevention Law | Soil Contamination

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

公害対策の基本となる事項を定めるため1967年に制定された法律で、環境基本法が公布、施行された1993年(平成5)11月19日まで施行され、廃止された。昭和42年法律第132号。同法は、国民の健康で文化的な生活を確保するうえにおいて公害の防止がきわめて重要であることにかんがみ、事業者、国および地方公共団体の公害の防止に関する責務を明らかにし、ならびに公害の防止に関する施策の基本となる事項を定めることにより、公害対策の総合的推進を図り、もって国民の健康を保護するとともに、生活環境を保全することを目的とし(1条)、各種の施策を定めている。

 すなわち、まず公害を、大気汚染、水質汚濁、土壌汚染、騒音、振動、地盤沈下、および悪臭によって、人の健康または生活環境に係る被害が生じることをいうと定義し(2条)、ついで、環境基準の設定(9条)、国および地方公共団体の施策(10条以下および18条以下)、公害防止計画の策定(19条以下)、公害紛争の処理および被害の救済(21条)、費用負担(22条)などの施策の基本ないし理念を規定し、最後に、公害対策会議および公害対策審議会について定めを置いている(25条以下および27条以下)。これらの施策の多くは、それらを実施するために個別の法律がつくられており、本法を直接の根拠とする施策は、環境基準の設定と公害防止計画の策定の二つである。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 悪臭防止法 | 環境基準 | 環境基本法 | 公害 | 地盤沈下 | 水質汚濁防止法 | 騒音規制法 | 大気汚染 | 大気汚染防止法 | 土壌汚染

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