Kołłątaj, Hugo

Japanese: コウォンタイ（英語表記）Kołłątaj, Hugo

Born: April 1, 1750 in Derkawielkie
[Died] February 28, 1812. Warsaw Polish philosopher and politician. Born in the szlachta. Studied philosophy in Krakow and theology in Rome, Italy. Returned to Poland in 1775 and participated in the activities of the National Committee of Education. Worked to revive the University of Krakow, and served as rector from 1782 to 1786. Moved to Warsaw in 1786 and formed the "Kowątai Blacksmiths' Fellowship" by gathering reformist intellectuals. He led the Four-Year Parliament and participated in the drafting of the "May 3rd Constitution" in 1791. Founded the first Polish political party, the Constitutional Brotherhood, and served as deputy prime minister to Stanisław II August Poniatowski. He worked to introduce and spread the ideas of the Enlightenment and physiocrats, but was pursued by the Russian army and fled to Germany from 1792 to 1793. He participated in the Tadeusz Kościuszko uprising in 1794 and became the leader of the Polish Jacobins. After that, he was arrested and released several times, but continued his reformist movement. His main works were "Prawo polityczne narodu polskiego" (Political Rights of the Polish People) (1790) and "O ustanowieniu i upadku konstytucji polskiej 3-go Maia 1791" (Promulgation and Termination of the May 3 Constitution) (1793).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1750.4.1. デルカウィウィエルキェ
[没]1812.2.28. ワルシャワ
ポーランドの哲学者，政治家。シュラフタ出身。クラクフで哲学，イタリアのローマで神学を学ぶ。1775年帰国，国民教育委員会の活動に参加。クラクフ大学の再興に努力し，1782～86年学長を務めた。1786年ワルシャワに移り，改革派の知識人を集めて「コウォンタイの鍛冶仲間」を結成，4ヵ年議会を指導し，1791年『五月三日憲法』の起草に参加。ポーランド最初の政党憲友会を創立し，スタニスワフ2世アウグスト・ポニャトフスキの副宰相を務めた。啓蒙思想，重農主義の紹介，普及に努力したが，ロシア軍の追及にあい，1792～93年ドイツに亡命。1794年タデウシュ・コシチューシコの蜂起に参加，ポーランド・ジャコバン派の領袖となった。その後，逮捕，釈放を繰り返し，改革派の運動を続けた。主著『ポーランド民族の政治的権利』Prawo polityczne narodu polskiego（1790），『五月三日憲法の発布と消滅』O ustanowieniu i upadku konstytucji polskiej 3-go Maia 1791（1793）。

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