It refers to a pledge over property rights (Civil Code, Article 362, Paragraph 1). Originally, pledges were a system developed for tangible objects such as movable property and real estate, but as bonds and stocks came to occupy an important position as property, it became acceptable to pledge rights. In principle, the object of a pledge is transferable (Article 343), and for things other than pledges of claims, the provisions on pledges over tangible objects apply mutatis mutandis (Article 362, Paragraph 2). In addition to claims, the objects recognized as pledges (property rights) include real estate rights (surface rights, emphyteusis, etc.), stocks, telephone subscription rights, and intangible property rights, while mining rights and fishing rights are prohibited from being used as the object of a pledge. Today, pledges of claims and stocks are the most commonly used and occupy an important position as financial collateral. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
財産権を目的とする質権をいう (民法 362条1項) 。元来質権は動産や不動産など有体物に対して発達してきた制度であるが,債券や株式などが財産として重要な地位を占めるようになり,権利を質に入れることが認められるようになった。質権の目的物は譲渡しうることを原則としており (343条) ,債権質以外のものについては,有体物上の質権の規定を準用する (362条2項) 。質権の目的物 (財産権) として認められているものは,債権のほか,不動産物権 (地上権,永小作権など) ,株式,電話加入権,無体財産権などで,鉱業権,漁業権などは質権の目的物とすることを禁じられている。今日債権質と株式質が最も多く利用され,金融上の担保として重要な位置を占めている。
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