A primeval forest is a forest that has never been touched by human hands and has never suffered any serious damage in the past. It is also called a virgin forest. From a global perspective, primeval forests in the strict sense only remain in parts of tropical rainforests and subarctic forests, and it is thought that there are almost none in Japan. For this reason, it is appropriate to interpret primeval forests broadly as forests that have never been logged by humans in a planned manner and have not suffered any serious disasters in recent years, and have reached a climax state (a stable and permanent forest in the final stage of succession). Such primeval forests are usually in an ecologically stable state called a dynamic equilibrium state depending on the environmental conditions such as the climate and soil of the region, and their structure and functions provide basic data and serve as a concrete model for human land use methods, agricultural and forestry techniques, and environmental conservation techniques. They also serve as an example of natural recovery when land use fails. They are also important as places to preserve biological species to meet future needs, which can only be achieved in a diversity of species such as primeval forests. [Tadaki Ryoya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
まったく人の手が加わったことがなく、過去に重大な災害等の被害も受けていない自然のままの森林をいい、原始林、または俗に処女林などともよばれる。世界的にみても、厳密な意味の原生林は熱帯多雨林や亜寒帯林の一部などに残るにすぎず、とくに日本ではほとんどないと考えられる。このため、原生林を広く解釈して、人間が計画的に伐採したことがなく、かつ、近年重大な災害も受けていないために極相状態に達している森林(遷移(せんい)の最終段階で、安定し、永続性のある森林)、という程度にとらえるのが妥当であろう。こうした原生林は、その地域の気候や土壌などの環境条件に応じ、動的平衡状態といわれる生態学的安定状態にあるのが普通で、その機構や機能は、人間の土地利用法、農林業技術、環境保全技術などに対する基礎データを与え、具体的モデルとなる。また、土地利用に失敗したときの自然回復の見本ともなる。さらに、将来の必要に応じるための生物種の保全場所としても重要で、これは原生林のような種の多様性のなかにおいてのみ実現される。 [只木良也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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