It is the most primitive excretory organ, found in flatworms, rotifers, and nematodes that do not have a coelom, but only in larvae of annelids and mollusks. The shape and structure of the protonephric duct differs depending on the type of animal, but it is a pair of branched tubules that run through the parenchyma or coelom, and the end opens to the outside of the body as an excretory pore. There may be one pair, multiple pairs, or just one excretory pore. In highly developed protonephric ducts, several cells called flame cells gather at the end of each branch. Each flame cell has a microtubule that has a single cilium. The cilia extend in bundles into each branch tube, swaying like a flame to create a ciliary flame, which guides waste products and excess water produced in the body into the tube as a water current. The water current flows through the tube and is excreted. The protonephric duct also performs osmoregulation. [Ryo Katajima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もっとも原始的な排出器官で、体腔(たいこう)をもたない扁形(へんけい)動物、輪形動物、紐形(ひもがた)動物などにあり、環形動物や軟体動物では幼生にだけみられる。原腎管の形や構造は動物の種類により異なるが、柔組織または原体腔内を走る分枝した細管で、1対あり、末端は排出孔となって体外に開く。排出孔は1対、多数対または1個である。高度に発達した原腎管では、各枝端に数個の炎細胞(ほのおさいぼう)とよばれる細胞が集合する。各炎細胞には微細管があり、そこに1本の繊毛が生えている。繊毛は束になって各枝管内へ伸び、炎のように揺れ動いて繊毛炎(えん)を生じ、体内で生じた老廃物や余分の水を水流として管内へ導く。その水流は管内を流れて排出される。原腎管は浸透調節も行う。 [片島 亮] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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