An organ found in the larvae of insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, and Hymenoptera. It is a modified labial gland that produces silk threads to spin cocoons and nests. It is homologous to the original salivary glands of other insects, and consists of a pair of long, thin tubes located downwards on both sides of the digestive tract. The front ends of the tubes join together and open into the spine at the front end of the lower lip, and usually bend back several times. The long ones can reach seven times the body length when stretched out, and in the case of silkworms, they are about four times longer. They are distinguished into three parts, the middle part secretes sericin, which forms the outer layer of the silk thread, and the rear part secretes fibroin. Both substances are proteins, and the latter is in the form of fibroinogen inside the tube, changes when it passes through the thin tube at the front and is stretched, and solidifies when it leaves the spine. The secretory part consists of a layer of large secretory cells, each with a large branched nucleus. The accessory gland in the front is thought to secrete a fluid that glues the two threads together and hardens them. In addition to the silk gland, silk is known to be secreted from the tarsal glands in the forelimbs of the termite fly, the genital accessory glands of female water beetles, the Malpighian tubules of some beetles and neuropterans, and the ectocere of young larvae of the German cockroach. [Takehiko Nakane] [References] | | | Termites | | | | | |©Toshio Sekiguchi "> Morphology and silk glands of the termite species (Moss white… Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鱗翅(りんし)目、トビケラ目、膜翅(まくし)目などの昆虫の幼虫がもつ器官。下唇腺(かしんせん)が変化したもので、繭や巣をつづるため糸を出す。これはほかの昆虫で本来の唾腺(だせん)であるものと相同であり、細長い1対の管からなり、消化管の両側から下方に位置し、前端は合一して下唇前端の吐糸口(としこう)に開き、後方では何度も折れ曲がるのが普通である。長いものは伸ばすと体長の7倍に達し、カイコの場合は約4倍あり、3部分が区別され、中部は糸の外層をつくるセリシンsericinを、後部はフィブロインfibroinを分泌する。この両物質ともタンパク質で、後者は管内ではフィブロイノゲンfibroinogenの状態であって、前部の細い管を通過して引き伸ばされると変化し、吐糸口から出ると固まる。分泌部は1層の大きな分泌細胞からなり、各細胞は分枝した大きな核をもつ。なお、前部にある付属腺は2本の糸を接着し、硬くさせる液を分泌すると考えられている。絹糸腺のほかに、シロアリモドキの前肢(ぜんし)にある跗節(ふせつ)腺、甲虫類のガムシの雌にある生殖器付属腺、一部の甲虫や脈翅類のマルピーギ管、チャバネゴキブリの若い幼虫の尾角などからも絹糸が出されることが知られている。 [中根猛彦] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | |©関口俊雄"> シロアリモドキの形態と絹糸腺(コケシロ… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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