Atomic nuclear model

Japanese: 原子核模型 - げんしかくもけい

Because the mathematical treatment of atomic nuclei is extremely difficult, a series of assumptions are made to simplify the physical properties of atomic nuclei, and the theoretical conclusions derived from these assumptions are compared with experiments to advance research into the properties of atomic nuclei. This series of assumptions is called a nuclear model. There are various models, such as the alpha particle model, which assumes that light atomic nuclei are composed of alpha particles (alpha rays), the liquid drop model, which explains nuclear stability and nuclear fission by analogy with liquid drops, the Fermi gas model, which considers nuclei to be gas bodies that follow Fermi statistics (quantum statistical mechanics) and explains the properties and nuclear reactions of heavy nuclei, and the shell model, which assumes that nucleons also have a shell structure similar to the shell structure of electrons in atoms (electron shells), considers their energy levels, and explains the existence of magic numbers, etc. →Nuclear Physics/Atomic Models

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

原子核の数学的取扱いがきわめて困難なため，一連の仮定を設けて原子核の物理的性質を簡単化し，その仮定から出る理論的結論を実験と照合して原子核の性質の研究を進める。この一連の仮定を（原子）核模型という。軽原子核がα粒子（α線）から構成されるとするα粒子模型，液滴との類推から核の安定性や核分裂を説明する液滴模型，核をフェルミ統計（量子統計力学）に従うガス体と考え重い核の性質や核反応を説明するフェルミガス模型，原子における電子の殻構造（電子殻）と同様に核子も殻構造をもつと仮定してそのエネルギー準位を考え魔法数の存在等を説明する殻模型など，種々のものがある。→原子核物理学／原子模型

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