Tropopause

Japanese: 圏界面 - けんかいめん（英語表記）tropopause

The boundary between the upper end of the troposphere and the stratosphere is called the tropopause. Its altitude is about 11 km, but it varies depending on the latitude and season, being 8-10 km at high latitudes and 15-18 km at low latitudes. It is higher in summer and lower in winter. The temperature lapse rate drops sharply at the tropopause. In other words, in the troposphere, the lower layer is hotter and the upper layer is colder, so convection is likely to occur up and down, but in the stratosphere, the temperature is almost constant or increases with height, so no convection occurs up and down. Tropopause means that convection stops at this surface. The boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere is called the stratopause, and the boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere is called the mesopause.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

対流圏の上端で成層圏との境界面を対流圏界面という。高度は約 11kmであるが，緯度や季節により変化し，高緯度では 8～10km，低緯度では 15～18kmくらい。夏は高く，冬は低い。対流圏界面を境にして，気温減率が急減する。すなわち，対流圏では下層が高温で上層が低温であることから上下に対流が発生しやすく，成層圏では，気温は高さに対してほぼ一定か高くなるため上下対流は生じない。tropopauseは，この面を境にして対流は止まるという意。また，成層圏と中間圏との境を成層圏界面，中間圏と熱圏の境を中間圏界面という。

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