When a resource-constrained economy produces multiple products, if the production volume of one product ( X ) is reduced by one unit, the resources (production factors) that become unnecessary as a result can be used to increase production of another product ( Y ). In this case, the increase in production of Y is called the marginal transformation rate of X relative to Y. Therefore, the marginal transformation rate is an indicator of how difficult it is to produce X compared to Y in the entire economy. If all markets in the economy are perfectly competitive, the marginal transformation rate is the ratio between the market price of X and the market price of Y , and an optimal state in the sense that there is no waste through resource allocation and income distribution in the entire economy is achieved. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
資源に制約のある一つの経済で複数の生産物を生産している場合,一つの生産物(X)の生産量を1単位減らせば,その結果不要になった資源(生産要素)を使って,別の生産物(Y)の生産を増加させることができる。このとき,Yの生産の増加分をXのYに対する限界変形率と呼ぶ。したがって限界変形率とは,経済全体でXの生産がYと比べてどの程度困難であるかを表す指標である。経済のすべての市場が完全競争的であるなら,限界変形率はXの市場価格とYの市場価格の比率となり,経済全体で資源配分,所得分配を通じてむだがないという意味での最適な状態が達成される。
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