Generally speaking, it refers to thinkers who examine religious issues through reason, free from the authority of the established church. Pioneers include Italian humanists, but historically it refers to the 17th and 18th century British deists and those in France and Germany who were influenced by them. In Britain, Herbert, Tillotson, Toland, Collins, and Tyndale are representative. Collins especially explained this in detail in his book "Free Thought" and made the name famous. According to them, Christianity is and must be established as a natural religion based on the evidence of reason, and miracles are denied. They also attacked established religions, claiming that they had been distorted by monks throughout history. In France, the Encyclopedists, including Voltaire and Diderot, belonged to this movement, and they moved towards more radical atheism. In Germany, Lessing and Kant were influential, and in America, Franklin and others were influenced by European free thought. [Hidemitsu Koike] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には、宗教的諸問題を既成の教会の権威から自由に理性によって吟味する思想家たちをさす。先駆的にはイタリアの人文主義者たちも含まれるが、歴史的には17~18世紀のイギリス理神論者とその影響を受けたフランスとドイツの理神論者たちをさす。イギリスでは、ハーバート、ティロットソン、トーランド、コリンズ、ティンダルなどが代表者である。とりわけ『自由思想論』でコリンズが詳細に説き、この名称を有名にした。彼らによれば、キリスト教は自然宗教として徹底的に理性の明証のうえに確立されるし、されねばならず、奇跡などは否定される。また既成宗教は歴史的に僧侶(そうりょ)によって歪曲(わいきょく)されているとして、これを攻撃した。フランスではボルテール、ディドロら百科全書派の人々が属し、さらに急進的な無神論へと進んだ。ドイツではレッシング、カントらがおり、アメリカではフランクリンらがヨーロッパ自由思想の影響を受けた。 [小池英光] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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