Born May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts [Died] November 22, 1963. Dallas, Texas. American politician. 35th president (in office 1961-63). Graduated from Harvard University in 1940. Became a member of the House of Representatives in 1947, a member of the Senate in 1953, and in January 1961 became the youngest president in history and the first Catholic. He advocated the New Frontier policy and implemented a flexible response strategy abroad, while promoting assistance to developing countries, such as the "Alliance for Progress" plan for Latin America, and worked to restore and stabilize the economy domestically. In April 1961, immediately after taking office, he made a major blunder in the Cuban invasion operation, but in the Cuban incident in October the following year, he took a hard-line stance against the Soviet Union and succeeded in having the missiles removed. In August 1963, he signed the Partial Nuclear Weapons Test Ban Treaty, laying the foundation for a system of peaceful coexistence between the two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. However, he deepened his involvement in the Vietnam issue, and relations with China further deteriorated. He was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963, while campaigning in the midst of growing resentment among Southerners over his civil rights policies. He was a gifted writer, and his book, Profiles in Courage (1956), won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957. Kennedy |
[生]1917.5.29. マサチューセッツ,ブルックライン [没]1963.11.22. テキサス,ダラス アメリカの政治家。第 35代大統領 (在任 1961~63) 。 1940年ハーバード大学卒業。 47年下院議員,53年上院議員,61年1月史上最年少かつカトリック教徒最初の大統領となった。ニューフロンティア政策を提唱し,対外的には柔軟反応戦略を打出す一方,中南米に対する「進歩のための同盟」計画をはじめとする発展途上国への援助を進め,国内的には景気回復と経済の安定に努めた。就任直後の 61年4月,キューバ侵攻作戦で大失態を演じたが,翌年 10月のキューバ事件では,ソ連に対し強硬な態度でのぞみ,ミサイルを撤去させることに成功した。 63年8月には部分的核兵器実験禁止条約を結び,米ソ両大国の平和共存体制の基礎を築いた。しかしベトナム問題への介入を深め,中国との関係は一段と悪化した。そして公民権政策をめぐり南部人の反感が高まるなかで,63年 11月 22日,遊説先のダラスにおいて暗殺された。文筆の才に富み,著書『勇気ある人々』 Profiles in Courage (1956) は 57年にピュリッツァー賞を受賞。 ケネディ
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