Farmhouse (farmhouse) - Nosho

Japanese: 農荘(農庄) - のうしょう

Private land owned by the royal family, aristocrats, high-ranking officials, and temples in the Silla, Goryeo, and Yi dynasties of Korea. Also called fields, manors, farms, villas, and villas. It has existed since the Unified Silla period, but after the establishment of the military government in the late 12th century, it rapidly expanded in parallel with the collapse of the land-related government. As a result, it became difficult to distribute land to bureaucrats at the end of the Goryeo period, and the national finances became strained, becoming a major political issue. Many farms were confiscated in the field reform carried out by Yi Seong-gye just before the fall of Goryeo, and it temporarily decreased in the early Yi dynasty, but eventually expanded again.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

朝鮮の新羅･高麗･李朝の各時代にあった王室･貴族･高官･寺院の私有地。田荘，田園，荘園，農場，別墅，別業などとも呼ばれる。統一新羅時代から存在したが，12世紀後半の武人政権の成立以降，田柴（でんさい）科の崩壊と併行して急速に増大し，そのため高麗末期には官僚への土地分給が困難となり，また国家財政が窮迫し，重大な政治問題になった。高麗滅亡の直前に李成桂が行った田制改革で多くの農荘が没収され，李朝初期には一時減少したが，やがてまた拡大した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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