A representative Japanese scientific research institute established for the purpose of physics and chemistry research. It is abbreviated as "RIKEN." In 1913 (Taisho 2), Takamine Jokichi proposed the establishment of a National Science Institute, and Shibusawa Eiichi and others took the lead in starting a movement to establish it. In 1914, the outbreak of World War I made it difficult to import chemical products, so in June 1917, the RIKEN Foundation was established with funding from private donations, government subsidies, and Imperial endowments. A pamphlet titled "RIKEN's Business and Industry" states that the institute's objectives are "to carry out and encourage original research in physics and chemistry, thereby contributing to the development of industry and other general industries," and that it will conduct basic research, integrated basic and applied research, commissioned research, collaboration with other institutes, training researchers, awarding and supporting research, completing inventions and devices, and publishing research results. The institute building was built in what is now Komagome, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo (1918-1925). The first director was Kikuchi Dairoku, the second director was Furuichi Kimitake, and the third director was Okochi Masatoshi. RIKEN boasted such first-class scientists as Hantaro Nagaoka, Kotaro Honda, Kikunae Ikeda, and Umetaro Suzuki, and Nishina Yoshio was also active in nuclear research. Okochi introduced the laboratory system, while also working to commercialize research results, creating the so-called RIKEN conglomerate and increasing research funding. After World War II, both the conglomerate and RIKEN were dissolved and became the Institute of Science Corporation, but in 1958 (Showa 33), it was reborn as a special corporation. In October 2003 (Heisei 15), it was launched as an independent administrative institution. Its first chairman was Noyori Ryoji. In April 2015, it became a national research and development institution. Its first chairman was Matsumoto Hiroshi (1942-). It has research facilities in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, and elsewhere, with its head office in Wako, Saitama Prefecture. [Yutaka Kurihara November 17, 2017] [References] | | | | | | | | | Kimitake | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物理学と化学の研究を目的に設立された日本の代表的な科学研究所。「理研」と略称される。1913年(大正2)高峰譲吉(たかみねじょうきち)が国民科学研究所の設立を提唱し、渋沢栄一らが中心となって設立運動を始めた。1914年、第一次世界大戦の勃発(ぼっぱつ)により化学製品が輸入困難になったこともあり、1917年6月、民間からの寄付、国庫補助、皇室下賜金を資金に、財団法人理化学研究所が設立された。「理化学研究所ノ事業ト産業界」と題された小冊子には、その目的が「物理学及(および)化学ニ関スル独創的研究ヲ為(な)シ又之(これ)ヲ奨励シ以(もっ)テ工業其(その)他一般産業ノ発達ニ資セムコトヲ期ス」とあり、基礎的研究、基礎と応用の統一的研究、依頼研究、他の研究所との連携、研究者の養成、研究の表彰と補助、発明考案の完成、研究成果の公表などを行うとした。研究所建物は現在の東京都文京区駒込(こまごめ)に建てられた(1918~1925)。所長は初代が菊池大麓(きくちだいろく)、2代が古市公威(ふるいちきみたけ)、3代が大河内正敏(おおこうちまさとし)と続く。理研には長岡半太郎、本多光太郎(ほんだこうたろう)、池田菊苗(いけだきくなえ)、鈴木梅太郎ら第一級の科学者が名を連ね、仁科芳雄(にしなよしお)も原子核研究で活躍。大河内は研究室制度を導入する一方、研究成果の製品化・商品化を図って、いわゆる理研コンツェルンをつくり、研究費を充実させた。 第二次世界大戦後、コンツェルン、理研とも解体させられ株式会社科学研究所となったが、1958年(昭和33)に特殊法人として再生。2003年(平成15)10月、新たに独立行政法人として発足。初代理事長は野依良治(のよりりょうじ)。2015年4月、国立研究開発法人に移行した。初代理事長は松本紘(まつもとひろし)(1942― )。茨城県つくば市、兵庫県神戸市などに研究所をもち、本所は埼玉県和光市に置いている。 [栗原 裕 2017年11月17日] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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