Avatamsaka Sutra - Kegonkyo

Japanese: 華厳経 - けごんきょう
Avatamsaka Sutra - Kegonkyo

A Buddhist scripture. More specifically, the Great Buddha's Avatamsaka Sutra. There are two complete Chinese translations: the 60-volume version (known as the Sixty-volume Avatamsaka Sutra) translated by Buddhabatdara (Jin translation, old translation) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the 80-volume version (the Eighty-volume Avatamsaka Sutra) translated by Shichananda (Tang translation, new translation) of the Tang Dynasty. It is a representative scripture of early Mahayana Buddhism, but each chapter was originally created independently and was later compiled into the complete form we have today. The Ten Chapters (Jujibon) and Entering the Realm of Dharma (Nyuhokaibon), whose original Sanskrit texts remain, both belong to the older parts of this sutra and date back to the 1st century AD. This sutra explains the Mahayana Buddhist worldview of emptiness in its complete form, but its basis is to regard the world that contains oneself and the current state of humanity as the infinitely vast and beautiful totality of various splendors (ornaments) insofar as it is an altruistic action (practice) toward others based on compassion, that is, the dharmakaya of the Avatamsaka Buddha Vairocana (meaning "one that shines throughout"). The emptiness of the world is nothing other than the idea of ​​dependent origination of the dharma realm, which states that this vast and beautiful world of Buddhas is actually manifested like an illusion through the determination (vow) of each individual person who understands it as their own ideal to put themselves into practice and the execution (practice) of that ideal, and that it is maintained by the eternal continuation of that practice. The "Entering the Dharma Realm" chapter is structured like a play, tracing the journey of the boy Zenzai in his search for the Dharma, and clarifies the structure and essence of this world, which is expressed as a mandala of the practices of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, as well as its empty nature, which is realized and sustained by the vows and practices of individual bodhisattvas.

[Shinichi Tsuda]

"Buddhist Scriptures 2: Modern Japanese Translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra" translated by Koshiro Tamaki (included in the Complete Works of World Classical Literature 7, 1965, Chikuma Shobo)" " The Ten Stages Sutra, annotated by Noritoshi Aramaki (included in the Mahayana Buddhist Scriptures 8, 1974, Chuokoron-Shinsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

仏教経典。詳しくは『大方広仏(だいほうこうぶつ)華厳経』。漢訳には完本として東晋(とうしん)の仏駄跋陀羅(ぶっだばっだら)訳(晋訳、旧訳(くやく))の六十巻本(いわゆる『六十華厳』)と、唐の実叉難陀(じっしゃなんだ)訳(唐訳、新訳)の八十巻本(『八十華厳』)とがある。初期大乗仏教の代表的経典であるが、初め各章が独立に成立し、それがのちに現行の完本の形に集成されたものである。サンスクリット原典が残っている「十地品(じゅうじぼん)」と「入法界品(にゅうほっかいぼん)」は、ともにこの経の古い部分に属し、その成立は紀元1世紀にさかのぼる。本経は、大乗仏教の空(くう)の世界観をその完成された形で詳説するものであるが、その根本は、自己および人類の現状を包含する世界を、それが慈悲に基づく他者に対する利他の働きかけ(行(ぎょう))である限りにおいての、限りなく広大で美しい種々の荘厳(しょうごん)(飾り)の総体、すなわち華厳の仏毘盧遮那仏(びるしゃなぶつ)(「輝きわたるもの」の意)の法身(ほっしん)とみなす点にある。そして、世界の空とは、この広大で美しい仏の世界が、実はそれを自らの理想として信解する一人一人の人間の、その理想へ自己を実践的に投入しようという決意(願(がん))と、その実行(行(ぎょう))によって幻のごとくに顕現し、かつ、その実践の永遠の持続によって維持される、といういわゆる法界縁起の思想にほかならない。「入法界品」は、善財童子(ぜんざいどうじ)の求法(ぐほう)の遍歴の経過をたどる戯曲的構成をとりつつ、普賢菩薩(ふげんぼさつ)の行(ぎょう)の曼荼羅(まんだら)と表現されるこの世界の構造と内実、そしてそれが個々の菩薩の願と行とによって実現され、存続せしめられるというその空なる本性とを明らかにする。

[津田眞一]

『玉城康四郎訳『仏典2 現代語訳・華厳経』(『世界古典文学全集7』所収・1965・筑摩書房)』『荒牧典俊校注『十地経』(『大乗仏典8』所収・1974・中央公論社)』

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