Stefan George

Japanese: ゲオルゲ - げおるげ(英語表記)Stefan George
Stefan George

German poet. Born in the suburbs of Bingen, his father a wine merchant on the Rhine. He traveled around Europe immediately after graduating from the gymnasium in Darmstadt in 1888, and never settled down. He left Nazi Germany in 1933 and moved to Switzerland, where he died near Locarno. He began his career as a poet with the founding of the highbrow journal "Kunstsozoku" by a small group of people. He strongly protested against naturalist literature, and fought against the emptiness of the times with lyric poetry that was based on strict moderation and discipline and a formal will, aiming to build a kingdom of beauty and mystery. Here, the form of spiritual Germania of Hölderlin, who wished to revive ancient Greece, the heroic and aristocratic raw emotion of Nietzsche, the artistic view of the French Symbolist poets, and the belief in beauty of the British Pre-Raphaelites all live together with the Roman and German traditions of his hometown. The society he led was called the George Kreis. His major works include poetry collections such as "A Year of the Soul" (1897), "The Carpet of Life" (1900), "The Seventh Wheel" (1907), and "The New Country" (1928), as well as translations of works by Dante, Baudelaire, and Shakespeare. In 1976, the George Memorial Library was opened at the Stephan-Georges Gymnasium in Bingen.

[Hideyuki Hayashi]

"The Poems of George, translated and edited by Tezuka Tomio (Iwanami Bunko)""Study of George and Rilke" (included in "Collected Works of Tezuka Tomio 3 and 4", 1981, Chuokoron-Shinsha)

[Reference item] | Art Books

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの詩人。ライン河畔のぶどう酒販売業者を父に、ビンゲン郊外に生まれる。1888年ダルムシュタットのギムナジウム卒業直後から全ヨーロッパを遊歴、生涯定住の地をもたなかった。1933年ナチス・ドイツを去りスイスに移住、ロカルノ近郊で死去。詩業の開始は少数グループによる高踏的機関誌『芸術草紙』の創設であった。自然主義文学に強力に抗議し、厳格な節度と紀律に基づく形式意志を貫いた叙情詩によって時代の空虚さに対抗し、美と神秘の王国の建設を目ざした。ここには、古代ギリシア再生を願望したヘルダーリンの精神的ゲルマニアの形姿、ニーチェの英雄的貴族的な生の感情、フランス象徴派詩人の芸術観とイギリス・ラファエル前派の美の信仰が故郷のローマ的ドイツ的伝統と一体となって息づいている。彼を中心とする結社をゲオルゲ・クライスという。主要作品に『魂の一年』(1897)、『生の絨氈(じゅうたん)』(1900)、『第七輪(だいしちりん)』(1907)、『新しい国』(1928)などの詩集と、ダンテ、ボードレール、シェークスピアらの翻訳がある。1976年にビンゲンのシュテファン・ゲオルゲ・ギムナジウムにゲオルゲ記念文庫が開設された。

[林 秀之]

『手塚富雄訳・編『ゲオルゲ詩集』(岩波文庫)』『『ゲオルゲとリルケの研究』(『手塚富雄著作集3・4』所収・1981・中央公論社)』

[参照項目] | 芸術草紙

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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