Light aircraft - keihikōki (English spelling)

Japanese: 軽飛行機 - けいひこうき(英語表記)lightplane
Light aircraft - keihikōki (English spelling)

There is no strict definition, but it refers to a small and lightweight airplane. According to the FAI (Fédération Aeronautique Internationale) sporting regulations, it refers to an airplane with an engine cylinder volume of 9 liters or less, regardless of whether it is a land or seaplane. However, since turbine engines have become widespread in recent years, this classification is not appropriate, and there are also standards such as an engine output of 600 horsepower or less per unit. In general, it refers to a small single-engine or twin-engine (rarely three-engine) airplane with a maximum takeoff weight of 5,700 kg or less and a capacity of 10 or less passengers that is not intended for passenger transportation, and belongs to the N (normal), U (utility), or A (acrobatic) classes of airworthiness standards (technical design standards to ensure the safety of aircraft) enforced in the United States and Japan. It is used for a wide range of purposes depending on the characteristics of the aircraft, such as business, private use, sports (acrobatic flying, speed racing), agriculture (pesticide and seed spraying), advertising and public relations, rescue, surveying and photography, and air taxis. It also includes home-built airplanes made by amateurs as a hobby. Because it is an airplane with an engine and wings, it is completely different from lighter-than-air aircraft such as airships and balloons. If it is made for the purpose of full-scale passenger transportation, even if it meets the above conditions, it is not treated as Class N, but as Class T (transport), which requires higher safety standards, and is classified as a light transport aircraft.

Most of the recent light aircraft are made in the United States, and their all-metal semi-monocoque structure makes them highly weather-resistant, their engines are extremely reliable, and they are easy to fly, so they can be handled like a private car on the ground. They combine sportiness and practicality, and are becoming popular worldwide. In particular, it is said that light aircraft account for more than 90% of the total number of civil aircraft, approximately 134,000, in the United States. Some have interior equipment more luxurious than that of luxury cars, and many are equipped with navigation and electronic devices comparable to those of large passenger aircraft. In addition, the flight range has been expanded by improving engine performance and installing interior pressurization devices, so that the destination can be reached comfortably and safely even in slightly bad weather. In contrast, European light aircraft are equipped with only the minimum necessary equipment for flying, and many of their aircraft structures appear to be outdated at first glance. Aircraft are made to suit the circumstances of each country, with an emphasis on sportiness, which allows the enjoyment of flying itself, rather than practicality.

[Kazuo Ochiai]

[Reference] | Airplane

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

とくに厳密な定義はないが、小型で軽量の飛行機のこと。FAI(国際航空連盟)のスポーツ規定によると、陸上機、水上機を問わず、エンジンのシリンダー容積9リットル以下の飛行機をさしている。しかし、近ごろではタービンエンジンが普及してきたため、この分類は適切とはいえず、エンジン出力が1台当り600馬力以下といった基準もある。一般的にはアメリカや日本で施行されている耐空性基準(航空機の安全性を確保するための技術上の設計基準)のN(普通)類、U(実用)類、A(曲技)類に属する最大離陸重量が5700キログラム以下で、定員10名以下の旅客輸送を目的としない単発または双発(まれには三発)の小型飛行機をいう。ビジネス用、自家用、スポーツ(曲技飛行、スピードレース)用、農業(農薬・種子散布)用、宣伝・広報用、救難用、測量・写真撮影用、エアタクシー用など、それぞれ機体の特性に応じて広範囲の用途に使用されている。またアマチュアが趣味でつくった自作機なども含まれる。エンジンと翼を備えた飛行機であるから、飛行船、気球などの空気より軽い軽航空機とはまったく異なる。本格的な旅客輸送を目的としてつくられる場合は、前記の条件を満たしていてもN類とは扱わず、安全性がより強く求められるT(輸送)類として扱われ、軽輸送機の範疇(はんちゅう)に入れることになっている。

 最近の軽飛行機のほとんどはアメリカ製で、全金属製のセミ・モノコック(半張殻(はんはりがら))構造のため耐候性が強く、エンジンの信頼度がきわめて高いうえ、操縦が容易なことから地上の自家用車なみに取り扱うことが可能で、スポーツ性と実用性とを兼ね備えており、世界的な普及ぶりをみせている。ことにアメリカでは民間機総数約13万4000機の90%以上を軽飛行機が占めているといわれる。室内装備は高級乗用車より豪華なものがあり、大型旅客機なみの航法・電子機器を備えたものも少なくない。またエンジン性能の向上および室内与圧装置の取り付けなどによって飛行範囲は拡大し、すこしぐらいの悪天候でも快適・安全に目的地に到達できる。これに対してヨーロッパ系の軽飛行機は、飛行に対する必要最小限の装備のみを施し、機体構造も一見旧式なものも少なくなく、実用性よりも飛行そのものを楽しむスポーツ性を重視するなど、それぞれ国の事情に応じた機体がつくられている。

[落合一夫]

[参照項目] | 飛行機

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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