Economic and Social Council

Japanese: 経済社会理事会 - けいざいしゃかいりじかい(英語表記)Economic and Social Council
Economic and Social Council

One of the main organs of the United Nations that carries out the task of international economic and social cooperation. Its abbreviation is ECOSOC. The Council, under the General Assembly, deals with non-political issues, specifically:
(1) To conduct research, studies, reports and recommendations on such matters as economy, society, culture, education, health and human rights.
(2) Coordinating the policies and activities of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and other specialized agencies.
(3) Its duties and powers include drafting treaties on matters within its jurisdiction and convening international conferences, making it the central organ of international cooperation within the United Nations. The Council is composed of 54 countries elected by the General Assembly, and one-third of the total, or 18 countries, are re-elected every year for a term of three years. The regional distribution of member states is as follows: Asia 11, Africa 14, Latin America 10, Western Europe and other regions 13, and Eastern Europe 6.

From the beginning, the United Nations has placed great importance on the field of international cooperation, but as the international community has become closer and science and technology has progressed, the fields in which international cooperation is needed have continued to expand. The Council's subordinate organs include the five regional commissions of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), eight functional commissions including the Population and Development Commission, the Social Development Commission, and the Statistical Commission, three permanent committees including the Planning and Coordination Committee, the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Intergovernmental Organizations Negotiations Committee, and a permanent body of experts. In addition to organic ties with subsidiary organs established by the General Assembly, such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the UN has cooperation agreements with specialized agencies, and maintains relationships with many non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

[Yokokawa Arata]

[References] | Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific | Economic Commission for Africa | United Nations | United Nations Development Programme | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development | Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia | Economic Commission for Europe | Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経済的、社会的国際協力の任務を遂行する国際連合の主要機関の一つ。略称、ECOSOC(エコソック)。同理事会は総会の下で非政治的な分野の諸問題、具体的には、
(1)経済、社会、文化、教育、保健、人権等の事項において調査、研究、報告、勧告を行うこと
(2)国際復興開発銀行(IBRD=世界銀行)その他の専門機関の政策および活動を調整すること
(3)その権限に属する事項について条約案を作成し、国際会議を招集すること
などをその任務および権限としており、国連による国際協力の中枢機関としての特徴を有している。同理事会は、総会によって選出された54か国で構成されており、毎年その3分の1の18か国が改選され、任期は3年である。理事国選出の地域的配分はアジア11、アフリカ14、中南米10、西欧その他13、東欧6となっている。

 国連は発足当初から国際協力の分野に大きな比重を与えてきたが、その後も国際社会の緊密化と科学技術の進歩に伴って、国際協力を必要とする分野は拡張を続けている。理事会の下部機関としてはアジア太平洋経済社会委員会(ESCAP(エスカップ))、アフリカ経済委員会(ECA)、西アジア経済社会委員会(ESCWA)、ラテンアメリカ・カリブ経済委員会(ECLAC(エクラック))、ヨーロッパ経済委員会(ECE)の五つの地域委員会、人口開発委員会、社会開発委員会、統計委員会など八つの機能委員会、計画調整委員会、非政府組織委員会、政府間機関交渉委員会の三つの常設委員会、および常設専門家組織などがある。そのほか、総会によって設立された国連貿易開発会議(UNCTAD(アンクタッド))、国連開発計画(UNDP)などの補助機関と有機的結合関係を有するほかに、専門機関と連携協定を結び、また多くの非政府組織(NGO)との関係を維持している。

[横川 新]

[参照項目] | アジア太平洋経済社会委員会 | アフリカ経済委員会 | 国際連合 | 国連開発計画 | 国連貿易開発会議 | 西アジア経済社会委員会 | ヨーロッパ経済委員会 | ラテンアメリカ・カリブ経済委員会

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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