Business strategy - Keieisenryaku (English spelling) corporate strategy

Japanese: 経営戦略 - けいえいせんりゃく(英語表記)corporate strategy
Business strategy - Keieisenryaku (English spelling) corporate strategy

It is a framework for selecting the means to achieve business goals. Business strategy is positioned between business goals and business plans, and acts as a medium to ensure that the formulation and implementation of plans function effectively in achieving the goals. It was in the 1950s that the need for business strategies in corporate activities was consciously asserted and attempts were made to systematize them. Until then, the system of business goals - business plans was the norm, but due to the fluidity and diversification of the environment, it became increasingly difficult to immediately develop goals into plans. As a result, a system of business goals - business policies (management policies) - business plans emerged, but due to the ambiguity of the concept of business policies, this did not take root, and the concept was revised in a short period of time, resulting in the emergence of a system of business goals - business strategies - business plans.

Management strategies are usually classified into three types: corporate strategy, business strategy, and functional strategy. In the narrow sense, management strategies are defined as corporate strategies only, but this was the predominant way of thinking in the early days. Corporate strategies are strategies for the entire company, specifically product/market strategies and diversification strategies that focus on the selection and combination of business fields. Business fields and products inevitably rise and fall due to their life cycles, so it is not possible to stick to a specific business field or product forever. In addition, environmental changes such as technological innovation also have a significant impact. Taking these factors into consideration, a long-term framework for corporate activities is created that combines product development, adoption of new products, improvement of existing products, discontinuation of production of existing products, penetration into existing markets, entry into new business fields, and withdrawal from existing business fields. This is the corporate strategy. In addition to the above, corporate strategies also include basic methods for developing them, such as merging and integrating with other companies, or dividing and reorganizing one's own company. Business strategies are strategies set for each business field set by the corporate strategy. This involves the allocation of resources and the timing of the implementation of the content formulated for each business field in the corporate strategy. Based on this, functional strategies are formulated for each area such as production, sales, finance, and labor.

The key point in formulating a business strategy is to clarify the growth vector in which you want to take your company in the long term and to pursue synergy (the overall effect of combining various resources).

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

"Modern Strategic Management" by H.I. Ansoff, translated by Genichi Nakamura and Tetsuhiko Kuroda (1990, Sanno University Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経営目標を達成するための手段選択の枠組みをいう。経営戦略は、経営目標と経営計画の中間に位置し、計画の策定と実施が目標実現に有効に機能するよう媒介する。企業活動について経営戦略の必要が意識的に主張され、その体系化が図られるようになったのは、1950年代に入ってからのことである。それまでは、経営目標―経営計画という体系が主であったが、環境の流動・多様化により、目標をただちに計画に展開することがしだいに困難になってきた。そのため、経営目標―経営方針(経営政策)―経営計画という体系が現れたが、経営方針の概念内容のあいまいさもあって定着せず、短期間に構想が新しく改められて、経営目標―経営戦略―経営計画という体系が出現した。

 経営戦略は普通、階層的に企業戦略corporate strategy、事業戦略business strategy、機能戦略functional strategyの3種からなるとされる。経営戦略を狭義に解するときは、企業戦略のみをもって経営戦略とするが、初期にはこのような考え方が主であった。企業戦略は、企業全体に関する戦略であり、具体的には、事業分野の選択と組合せが中心になる製品・市場戦略や多角化戦略である。事業分野や製品には、ライフ・サイクルによる盛衰がかならず生じるから、特定の事業分野や製品に永久に固執することはできない。また、技術革新などの環境変化も重大な影響を及ぼす。これらを勘案しながら、製品開発、新製品採択、既存製品の改良、既存製品の生産中止、既存市場への浸透、新事業分野への参入、既存事業分野からの撤退などを組み合わせた企業活動の長期的枠組みを作成する。これが企業戦略である。企業戦略は、上述のような内容とともに、それを展開するための、他企業の統合・合併、あるいは自企業の分割・再編のような基本方法をも含んでいる。事業戦略は、企業戦略によって設定された各事業分野ごとに設定される戦略である。ここでは、企業戦略で各事業分野ごとに策定された内容の展開に関する資源配分とタイミングが問題にされる。これを受けて、生産・販売・財務・労務などの各領域に関する機能戦略が策定される。

 経営戦略を策定する際の要点は、長期的に企業をどの方向にもっていこうとするのかという成長ベクトルを明らかにすることと、シナジー(諸資源の組合せの総合効果)を追求することである。

[森本三男]

『H・I・アンゾフ著、中村元一・黒田哲彦訳『最新・戦略経営』(1990・産能大学出版部)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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