Yoshimi Kuwata - Yoshimi Kuwada

Japanese: 桑田義備 - くわだよしなり
Yoshimi Kuwata - Yoshimi Kuwada

Botanist. Well known for his research in cytology. Born in Suita, Osaka Prefecture. Graduated from the Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial University in 1908 (Meiji 41). Became a professor at Kyoto Imperial University in 1922. He studied the structure of chromosomes using experimental techniques, and elucidated the behavior of chromosome spiral threads throughout the entire life cycle of chromosomes. He then studied the nature of cell nuclear division, and analyzed the relationship between the chromosome life cycle and the nuclear division cycle. Furthermore, from a comparative study of somatic cell division and reduction division, he came to the conclusion that reduction division is a type of duplication division. He also discussed the origin and evolution of nuclear division. These achievements deepened understanding of the biological significance of nuclear division, and were highly praised in the cell science community. He received the Japan Academy Prize in 1953 and the Order of Culture in 1962. He died on August 13, 1981, and is buried at Obai-in, Daitoku-ji Temple, Murasakino, Kyoto City. His books include "The Structure of Chromosomes" (1937), "The Division of the Cell Nucleus" (1943), "The Evolution of Nuclear Division" (1954), and "The Theory of the Cell" (1956).

[Hiraoka Shunsuke]

[Reference items] | Cell division | Somatic cell division

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植物学者。細胞学の研究で著名。大阪府吹田(すいた)に生まれる。1908年(明治41)東京帝国大学理科大学卒業。1922年京都帝国大学教授。染色体の構造を実験的手法を用いて研究し、染色体螺旋糸(らせんし)の行動を染色体の全生活環を通して解明した。次に細胞核分裂の本質を研究し、染色体生活環と核分裂環との関係を解析した。また、体細胞分裂と還元分裂との比較研究から、還元分裂は一種の重複分裂であるとの見解に達した。さらに、核分裂の起源と進化について論述した。これらの業績は核分裂の生物学的意義の理解を深めるもので、細胞学界の高い評価を受け、1953年に日本学士院賞、1962年に文化勲章を受けた。昭和56年8月13日没、墓所は京都市紫野大徳寺黄梅院にある。著書には『染色体の構造』(1937)、『細胞核の分裂』(1943)、『核分裂の進化』(1954)、『細胞論』(1956)などがある。

[平岡俊佑]

[参照項目] | 細胞分裂 | 体細胞分裂

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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