American logician and philosopher. Graduated from Oberlin College and completed graduate studies at Harvard University. In the 1930s, he traveled to Vienna and met with logical positivists. He taught at Harvard for many years, and later became a professor emeritus there. He proposed two axioms for set theory (known by the abbreviations NF and ML, respectively). He also drew inspiration from his research in logic to formulate the famous ontological thesis that "to exist is to enter the domain of variables." In terms of ontology, he belongs to the materialist movement, and in terms of epistemology, to the pragmatist movement. He was a very influential figure in the world of analytical philosophy. He visited Japan, and many of his students are Japanese philosophers. He has written many books, but his short booklet, From a Logical Point of View (1953, 1961, Harvard University Press), is a good introduction to his philosophy. [Natsuhiko Yoshida October 20, 2015] "From a Logical Point of View: Nine Logical and Philosophical Essays, translated by Kojiro Nakayama and Etsuro Mochimaru (1972, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "An Introduction to Modern Logic: Language and Logic, by W. O. Quine, translated and annotated by Takahide Joshi (1972, Taishukan Shoten)" ▽ "Word and Object, by W. V. O. Quine, translated by Akira Oide and Megumi Miyadate (1984, Keiso Shobo)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの論理学者、哲学者。オベリン大学卒業、ハーバード大学大学院修了。1930年代ウィーンに遊学し、論理実証主義者と交わる。ハーバード大学で長く教え、のちに同大学名誉教授。集合論の公理系を二つ(それぞれNF、MLの略称で知られる)提出した。また、論理学の研究から示唆を得て、「存在するとは、変項の変域に入ることである」とする、有名な存在論的なテーゼをたてた。存在論のうえでは唯物論、認識論のうえではプラグマティズムの流れに属する。分析哲学の世界では、きわめて影響力の大きい大御所であった。来日したこともあり、日本の哲学者のなかにも弟子が多い。著書は多数あるが、『論理学的観点から』(1953,1961, Harvard University Press)が、小冊子ながらその哲学への入門に適している。 [吉田夏彦 2015年10月20日] 『中山浩二郎・持丸悦郎訳『論理学的観点から――9つの論理・哲学的小論』(1972・岩波書店)』▽『W・O・クワイン著、杖下隆英訳注『現代論理入門――ことばと論理』(1972・大修館書店)』▽『W・V・O・クワイン著、大出晁・宮館恵訳『ことばと対象』(1984・勁草書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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