It is an Italian word meaning a small temple, and many examples can be found in ancient Rome, but as a proper noun it refers to the circular Martyrdom Memorial in Rome, designed by Bramante. This small chapel, about 14 meters high, was commissioned by King Ferdinand II of Spain and his wife Isabel of Spain and built in 1502 in the courtyard of the S. Pietro in Montorio monastery in Rome, which was believed to be the place where Peter was martyred. It consists of three parts: a crypt, a peripteral sanctuary, and a spherical shell supported by a high drum, which respectively symbolize the hypogeum, the earthly church, and the heavenly church. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
小神殿を意味するイタリア語で,古代ローマ時代に多くの作例をみるが,固有名詞としては,ローマにあるブラマンテ作の円形プランの殉教記念堂をさす。高さ約14mのこの小堂は,スペイン王フェルナンド2世と后イサベルの依頼により,1502年ペテロの殉教地と信じられていたローマのサン・ピエトロ・イン・モントリオS.Pietro in Montorio修道院の中庭に建てられた。地下祭室,周柱式内陣,高い鼓胴部に支えられた球殻の3部分からなり,これらはそれぞれ地下墳墓,地上の教会,天上の教会を象徴する。
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