Chloramphenicol - chloramphenicol

Japanese: クロラムフェニコール - くろらむふぇにこーる(英語表記)chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol - chloramphenicol

It is an antibiotic obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces venezuelae , an actinomycete bacteria discovered in the soil of Venezuela in South America in 1947, and is known by the trade name "chloromycetin" (abbreviated as Chromy). It is also known as the first antibiotic to be successfully synthesized. It is a white or yellowish-white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless and bitter in taste. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, rickettsiae, and chlamydia, and is one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics. It was widely used in the past, but due to serious side effects such as pernicious anemia, it is now only used externally as an eye drop, and when taken orally, it is only used for certain infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, and its usage has drastically decreased.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Antibiotics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1947年に南アメリカのベネズエラの土壌から発見されたストレプトミセス・ベネゼエレStreptomyces venezuelaeという放線菌の培養液から得られた抗生物質で、「クロロマイセチン」(クロマイと略称)の商品名で有名である。合成に初めて成功した抗生物質としても知られる。白色ないし黄白色の結晶または結晶性粉末で、においはなく味は苦い。グラム陽性菌、グラム陰性菌、スピロヘータ、リケッチア、クラミジアに有効で、広域性抗生物質の一つである。以前は繁用されたが、悪性貧血など重篤な副作用のため、現在では点眼液など外用のほかは、内服では腸チフスなど特定の感染症のみにしか適応されず、使用量は激減した。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 抗生物質

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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