Employed population - working population

Japanese: 就業人口 - しゅうぎょうじんこう
Employed population - working population

The term refers to the group of employed persons. Employed persons are those aged 15 or over who are employed (employed persons) who are engaged in work aimed at earning an income (including those who have a job but are on leave), and those who are not are called unemployed persons. Employed persons are classified according to their employment status into self-employed persons who run their own businesses (employed persons, unemployed persons, and home workers), family employees who help their family members with their businesses, and employees who are employed and receive wages or salaries (executives, regular employees, temporary employees, and day laborers). Unemployed persons include houseworkers, school-going persons, and unemployed persons. The combined total of employed persons and unemployed persons constitutes the labor force, and the remaining persons constitute the non-labor force. According to the Labor Force Survey conducted by the Statistics Bureau of the Management and Coordination Agency (now the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) in 2000, the number of employed persons was 64.46 million, and the labor force was 67.66 million.

In Japan, basic statistics for understanding the employed population include the Population Census, which is conducted every five years, the Labor Force Survey (conducted monthly) that complements it, and the Basic Survey on Employment Status, which is conducted every five years. While the Population Census and Labor Force Survey capture employment status based on the state of a specific week (those who are engaged in paid work for one hour or more in a week are considered employed), the Basic Survey on Employment Status captures employment status based on usual conditions, that is, whether or not the state will continue in the future. For this reason, the latter can objectively reflect latent unemployment and underemployment.

[Yoshio Yuasa]

[Reference items] | Employment structure | Labor force

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

就業者の集まりをいう。就業者とは、15歳以上の者のうち、収入を得ることを目的とした仕事に従事している有業者(従業者)のことをいい(仕事をもっているが休んでいる休業者も含まれる)、そうでない者を無業者という。就業者は、従業上の地位から、個人で事業を営んでいる自営業者(雇有業主、雇無業主、内職者)、自分の家族の事業を手伝っている家族従業者、雇用されて賃金や給料などを受けている雇用者(役員、一般常雇、臨時雇、日雇)に区分される。無業者は、家事従事者、学校通学者、失業者からなる。なお、就業者と失業者をあわせたものが労働力人口であり、残りが非労働力人口を形成する。2000年(平成12)現在の総務庁(現総務省)統計局「労働力調査」による就業者は6446万人、労働力人口は6766万人である。

 わが国において、就業人口を把握するための基礎的な統計としては、5年ごとに実施される国勢調査、それを補完する労働力調査(毎月実施)、さらに5年ごとに実施される就業構造基本調査がある。国勢調査や労働力調査が、特定の1週間の状態によって就業状態(1週間のうち1時間以上収入を伴う仕事に従事した者が就業者)をとらえているのに対して、就業構造基本調査は、普段の状態、つまり、今後もその状態を続けるかどうかによって就業状態をとらえている。このため、後者は潜在的な失業や不完全就業を客観的に反映させることができる。

[湯浅良雄]

[参照項目] | 就業構造 | 労働力人口

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