Change of country

This refers to the reassignment of feudal lords during the Edo period. It is also called tenpo or iho. It began during the time of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and was enforced by the first three Shoguns of the Edo Shogunate. First, Tokugawa Ieyasu, in the aftermath of the Battle of Sekigahara, relocated the Tokai and Tosan regions of Tozama daimyo to border areas such as Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu, while after the Siege of Osaka, he concentrated and assigned Fudai daimyo to Osaka and the surrounding provinces. The second Shogun, Hidetada, further concentrated Fudai daimyo around Osaka and actively advanced to the Tohoku region, and the third Shogun, Iemitsu, enforced the transfer of feudal lords mainly in the west, transferring and assigning Fudai daimyo to Kyushu and the Tokugawa clan (related clans) to Chugoku and Shikoku. In this way, the system of daimyo placement and territorial rule centered on the Tokugawa clan was established. After the Kan'ei period (1624-1644), the number of transfers of tozama daimyo decreased, but fudai daimyo continued to be frequently transferred thereafter, as they were in charge of executing the shogunate government. Transfers of domains, along with the removal of domains from the feudal domain, formed the basis of the Edo shogunate's control over daimyo, which promoted the separation of soldiers from farmers and established the shogunate-han system of control.

[Fujino Tamotsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代に行われた大名の配置替えのこと。転封(てんぽう)または移封(いほう)ともいう。豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉のときに始まり、江戸幕府の初期3代将軍によって強行された。まず徳川家康は、関ヶ原の戦いの戦後処理を通じて、東海・東山地方に配置されていた外様(とざま)大名を中国・四国・九州などの辺境地帯に転封する一方、大坂の陣後は、大坂およびその周辺諸国に譜代(ふだい)大名を集中配置したが、2代秀忠(ひでただ)は、さらに譜代大名の大坂周辺集中配置と東北進出を積極化し、3代家光(いえみつ)は西国を中心に転封を強行し、九州には譜代大名、中国・四国には徳川一門（親藩）を転封・配置した。こうして徳川氏を中心とする大名配置＝領国体制ができあがった。寛永(かんえい)期（1624～44）を境に、外様大名の転封は減少したが、譜代大名は幕政執行の立場から、その後も盛んに転封が行われた。転封は改易とともに江戸幕府の大名統制の基本をなし、それによって、兵農分離が促進され、幕藩支配体制が確立した。

［藤野　保］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例