Grotta (English spelling)

Japanese: グロッタ(英語表記)grotta
Grotta (English spelling)
An artificial grotto in a European garden. Its origins date back to ancient Greece and Rome, where it was considered a sanctuary for the gods and an entrance to the underworld. It reappeared in Italian Renaissance gardens in the 15th century because it was believed to have existed in ancient gardens. It was built with fountains as a perfect place to cool off in the summer. L. Alberti wrote that the ancients built grottos to resemble natural caves and lined them with pumice, and all grottos built during the establishment of Italian gardens in the mid-16th century were influenced by this description. On the other hand, grottos were also associated with the pastoral orientation of literature and music at the time, and some, such as the Great Grotta of the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, depicted Arcadian landscapes with frescoes and reliefs. This trend spread throughout Europe during the 16th century, but gradually they became more playful with water features. Some gardens, such as the Medici Villa of Pratolino outside Florence, featured figures that moved using water power, and devices that produced voices and sounds within the grotta. They were popular in 17th-century French gardens and 18th-century landscape gardens, with the Stourhead garden being a prime example. Many gardens also imitated Chinese gardens, placing oriental-style pavilions on rock mounds and creating grottas within them.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ヨーロッパの庭園に造られる人工の洞窟。その起源は古代ギリシア,ローマにさかのぼるが,当時は神々の聖所としての意味をもち,冥界への入口とも考えられた。 15世紀にイタリア・ルネサンスの庭園に再び登場するが,これは古代庭園に存在したと考えられたからであり,夏季の格好の涼み場として噴水を伴って造られた。 L.アルベルティは古代人がグロッタを自然の洞窟に似せて造り,軽石を張ったと記し,16世紀なかばのイタリア式庭園の確立期のグロッタには例外なくこの記述の影響がみられる。その一方でグロッタには当時の文学や音楽の牧歌的な志向も関連しており,フィレンツェのパラッツォ・ピッティの大グロッタのようにアルカディアの風景をフレスコ画とレリーフで示すものもあった。この流行は 16世紀中にヨーロッパ各地に広まったが,次第に水仕掛けによる遊戯的な性格が強まった。フィレンツェ郊外のメディチ家のプラトリーノのビラのように水力で人形が動き,グロッタの中に声や音を発する装置が仕込まれたものも現れた。 17世紀のフランス庭園,18世紀の風景式庭園でも好んで造られ,スタウアヘッドの庭園はその代表例。また,中国庭園をまねて,岩による築山の上に東洋風の亭を配し,築山内部にグロッタを造った庭園も多くみられた。

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