Gloucestershire is the capital of the county of Gloucestershire in southwest England. It is part of the Gloucester district. It is a river port city located about 50 km north-northeast of Bristol, facing the lower Severn River. Because the lower Severn River has a lot of meandering, a 26 km long navigation canal was built on the east side of the river, directly connecting it to Sharpness on the shore of the Severn estuary. The colony of Gleum was founded here in the Roman era, and it is located in the Severn Valley between the Forest of Dean and the Cotswold Hills. It is a geographically favorable place, and in the Anglo-Saxon era, it developed around St. Peter's Abbey (681), and eventually became the capital of the Kingdom of Mercia. Iron metallurgy using iron ore from the Forest of Dean was carried out before the Norman Conquest in 1066, and bell casting became popular in the 14th century. Tanning was also carried out, and textile industry developed from the 12th to 16th centuries. Today, industries such as railway cars, aircraft, and agricultural machinery are located here. Many old buildings, such as Gloucester Cathedral, which originated from St. Peter's Abbey, are preserved, and tourism is also thriving. Area 41 km2 . Population 110,800 (2004 estimate). Gloucester |
イギリス,イングランド南西部,グロスターシャー県の県都。グロスター地区を構成する。ブリストルの北北東約 50km,セバーン川下流部に臨む河港都市。セバーン川下流は曲流が著しいため,流路の東側に全長 26kmの航行用運河が建設されており,セバーン川河口三角江(エスチュアリー)沿岸のシャープネスと直接結ばれる。ローマ時代に植民市グレウムが建設されたところで,ディーン森林とコッツウォールド丘陵に挟まれたセバーン谷にあって地理的条件に恵まれ,アングロ・サクソン時代に聖ピーター修道院(681)を中心に発展,やがてマーシア王国の首都となった。ディーン森林に産する鉄鉱石を用いた鉄冶金は 1066年のノルマン・コンクェスト以前から行なわれ,14世紀には鐘鋳造が盛んになった。また製革業が行なわれ,12~16世紀には織物工業が発達した。今日では鉄道車両,航空機,農業機械などの工業が立地する。聖ピーター修道院を起源とするグロスター大聖堂など古い建築物が多数保存されており,観光業も盛ん。面積 41km2。人口 11万800(2004推計)。
グロスター
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