Croisos - Kroisos (English spelling)

Japanese: クロイソス - くろいそす(英語表記)Kroisos
Croisos - Kroisos (English spelling)

Date of birth and death unknown. The last king of the Memulnadi dynasty of the Lydian Kingdom in western Anatolia (reigned around 560 BC to 546/540 BC). He wielded great power in the early days of his reign, taking control of Greek cities in Ionia. His enormous wealth from gold dust production and trade became legendary among the Greeks. He donated treasures to the sanctuary of Delphi, contributed to the reconstruction of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, and allied with Sparta. However, it is doubtful whether the friendship with the philosopher Solon reported in Herodotus is historically accurate. When Persian King Cyrus II of the Achaemenid Empire marched westward, he tried to resist together with Chaldean King Nabonidus, Egypt, and Sparta, but failed, and the capital Sardis fell. It is said that the king himself committed suicide by self-immolation, or was captured.

[Hideo Ogawa]

[References] | Sardis | Solon | Lydia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生没年不詳。アナトリア西部のリディア王国メムルナダイ朝最後の王(在位前560ころ~前546/540)。イオニアのギリシア都市を支配下に置くなど、治世の初期には勢力を振るった。また、砂金の生産と交易による莫大(ばくだい)な富はギリシア人の間で伝説化された。デルフォイの聖所に宝物の奉納を行い、エフェソスのアルテミス神殿の再建に貢献したほか、スパルタと同盟した。しかし、ヘロドトスが伝える哲学者ソロンとの交友関係が史実かどうかは疑わしい。アケメネス朝ペルシア王キロス2世の西征に際し、カルデア王ナボニドスやエジプト、スパルタと共同で抵抗しようとしたが失敗し、首都サルディスは陥落した。王自身は焼身自殺したとも、捕らえられたとも伝えられる。

[小川英雄]

[参照項目] | サルディス | ソロン | リディア

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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