Grenville, George

Japanese: グレンビル（英語表記）Grenville， George

Born: October 14, 1712.
Died November 13, 1770, London. British politician. Educated at Oxford University, he became a lawyer before entering politics in 1741. He served as Paymaster General of the Navy, and later as First Minister of the Admiralty (1762-63). In 1763, he succeeded Bute as Prime Minister, on the recommendation of the Earl of Bute. He took an active stance on taxation of the American colonies, and the "Revenue Act" (64) and "Stamp Act" (65), which he worked to enact, provoked a backlash from the American colonies. He also accused J. Wilkes (63), who had attacked Bute and George III in the North Briton, which sparked the "Wilkes Affair." He incurred the King's displeasure with his poor handling of the Regency Act in 1765, and resigned in the same year.

Grenville
Grenville, William Wyndham, Baron Grenville

Born: October 25, 1759.
[Died] January 12, 1834. Dropmore, Buckinghamshire. British politician. Third son of G. Grenville, who served as Prime Minister. Entered the House of Commons in 1782, and the following year became Inspector General of Military Payments in the cabinet of his cousin Pitt the Younger. In 1789 he became Speaker of the House of Commons. From 1791 to 1801 he was Foreign Secretary and was in charge of diplomacy with France during the Revolution. He later left Pitt, and after Pitt's death in 1806 he formed the "National Strongman Cabinet." He abolished the slave trade the following year, but the cabinet split over the emancipation of Catholics, and he resigned in 1807. He continued his political activities as a leader of the right wing of the Whig Party, but retired in 1823.

Grenville
Grenville, Sir Richard

Born: June 15, 1542.
[Died] September 1591.
British military officer and admiral. Cousin of W. Raleigh. He played an active role in commanding the fleet sent to colonize Virginia and in defending the west coast of England, but on August 31, 1591, while attacking the Spanish fleet at the Azores, his ship, the Revenge, was isolated and he was seriously wounded after a fierce battle with 15 Spanish ships that lasted for 15 hours, and he was captured and died a few days later. The details of this fierce battle and his final moments are made famous by A. Tennyson's poem "The Revenge."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1712.10.14.
[没]1770.11.13. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。オックスフォード大学で学び，弁護士を経て 1741年政界に入った。海軍主計長官をつとめたのち，海相 (1762～63) 。 63年ビュート (伯)の推薦により，彼の跡を継いで首相となった。アメリカ植民地に対する課税政策に積極的姿勢を示し，彼が制定を働きかけた「歳入法」 (64) ，「印紙税法」 (65) はアメリカ植民地の反発を招いた。また，『ノース・ブリトン』紙でビュートとジョージ3世を攻撃した J.ウィルクスを告発し (63) ，「ウィルクス事件」の発端をつくった。 65年の摂政法取扱いの不手ぎわなどで国王の不興を買い，同年辞職した。

グレンビル
Grenville， William Wyndham， Baron Grenville

[生]1759.10.25.
[没]1834.1.12. バッキンガムシャー，ドロップモア
イギリスの政治家。首相をつとめた G.グレンビルの3男。 1782年下院に入り，翌年従弟ピット (小)内閣の軍事支払総監。 89年下院議長。 91～1801年外相として革命期の対フランス外交を担当。のちピットから離れ，ピットの死後，06年 J.フォックスと結んで「挙国実力者内閣」を組織。翌年奴隷貿易を廃止したがカトリック教徒解放をめぐって内閣は分裂し，07年辞任。以後ホイッグ党右派の指導者として，政治活動を続けたが 23年引退。

グレンビル
Grenville， Sir Richard

[生]1542.6.15.
[没]1591.9.
イギリスの軍人，提督。 W.ローリーの従弟。バージニア植民のために派遣された艦隊の指揮やイギリス西岸防備に活躍したが，1591年8月 31日，アゾレス諸島にスペイン艦隊を襲撃した際，乗艦の『レベンジ』号が孤立に追込まれ，15隻のスペイン艦隊と 15時間に及ぶ激戦を交えた末，重傷を負い，捕えられて数日後に死んだ。この激戦の様子とその最期は，A.テニソンの詩"The Revenge"によって有名。

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