Russian geographer, ethnologist, and traveler. Born in Yamyshevo on the banks of the Irtysh River, he graduated from the military academy in Omsk and spent several years in the military before studying at St. Petersburg University from 1859 to 1862. However, when the university was closed due to student protests, he returned to Omsk, where he was arrested on suspicion of participating in the "Siberian Autonomy Movement" and was detained and exiled from 1865 to 1874. He began his career as an explorer after receiving a pardon in 1874 and being commissioned to explore western Mongolia thanks to the efforts of geographer Pëtr Petrovich Semënov Tyanshanskii (1827-1914). His research and exploration areas were mainly inland Asia. Starting with his participation in an expedition to the Tarbagatai Mountains on the Sino-Russian border in 1863-1864, he investigated and explored southern Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Sichuan four times in 1876-1878, 1879-1880, 1884-1886, and 1892-1893, achieving great results. He also conducted an expedition to the Greater Khinganling Mountains in 1899. As a geographer, he collected data on the geography, flora, and fauna of Inner Asia, and also brought with him a wealth of cultural data and folklore, making a great contribution to subsequent Inner Asian research. His wife, Alexandra Viktorovna (1843-1893), also participated in four expeditions to Inner Asia and is famous for her ethnological research on the region. [Shiro Sasaki January 21, 2019] "Eurasia Chronicle" by Kujo Kato (1984, Hosei University Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの地理学者、民族学者、旅行家。イルティシ川河岸のヤミシェボで生まれ、オムスクの士官学校を卒業して数年の軍隊生活ののち、1859年から1862年までペテルブルグ大学で学んだ。しかし、学生運動で大学が閉鎖されたため、オムスクに帰ったが、「シベリア自治運動」に参加した嫌疑で逮捕され、1865年から1874年まで拘留、流刑生活を送った。彼が探検家としての道を歩み始めるのは、1874年に特赦を受け、地理学者のセミョーノフ・チャンシャンスキーPëtr Petrovich Semënov Tyanshanskii(1827―1914)の尽力でモンゴル西部の探検を依嘱されてからである。彼の調査・探検地はおもに内陸アジアであった。1863~1864年中露国境のタルバガタイ山脈一帯の探検に参加したのを皮切りに、1876~1878年、1879~1880年、1884~1886年、1892~1893年の4次にわたって、南シベリア、モンゴル、新疆(しんきょう/シンチヤン)、チベット、四川(しせん/スーチョワン)を調査、探検し大きな成果を収めた。また、1899年には大興安嶺(だいこうあんれい/ターシンアンリン)一帯の調査も行っている。彼は地理学者として、内陸アジアの地理、動植物に関する資料を収集するとともに、文化に関する資料や民間伝承などを数多くもたらし、その後の内陸アジア研究に大いに貢献した。なお彼の妻アレクサンドラ・ビクトローブナAlexandra Viktorovna(1843―1893)も4次にわたる内陸アジア探検に参加し、同地域に関する民族学的研究で有名。 [佐々木史郎 2019年1月21日] 『加藤九祚著『ユーラシア記』(1984・法政大学出版局)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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