African snail - Afurikamaimai (English spelling) agate snail

Japanese: アフリカマイマイ - あふりかまいまい(英語表記)agate snail
African snail - Afurikamaimai (English spelling) agate snail

A snail of the family Achatidae in the class Gastropoda of the phylum Mollusca. It is a land-dwelling species native to East Africa, but in the 20th century it spread rapidly to India and Southeast Asia, and during World War II it reached tropical Pacific islands attached to weapons. In Japan, it has now invaded the Amami Islands and Ogasawara Islands, damaging vegetable gardens, orchards, and garden plants. It has a long oval shape with a shell height of 100 mm and a diameter of 55 mm. The shell surface has purple-brown and yellowish-white vertical stripes, resembling an onyx. The shell opening is large and oval, with a thin outer lip and a shallow indentation at the lower end of the axis lip. It is a highly reproductive animal, and not only does it cause great damage to crops and ornamental plants, but it mainly uses mice as its host and transmits the Canton angiostrongylus, which can sometimes enter the human brain and cause damage. For this reason, strict regulations are in place to prevent it from invading the mainland from Ogasawara and other places. Complete eradication of this species is extremely difficult even with chemicals or manual labor, and in Africa, control methods using the carnivorous land snail Gonaxis kibweziensis as a natural enemy have been attempted.

[Takashi Okutani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軟体動物門腹足綱アフリカマイマイ科の巻き貝。陸産種で東アフリカ原産であるが、20世紀に入って急にインド、東南アジアなどに広がり、第二次世界大戦中は武器に付着して熱帯太平洋諸島まで及んだ。日本でも現在では奄美(あまみ)諸島から小笠原(おがさわら)諸島まで侵入し、菜園、果樹園、庭園草木を食害している。殻高100ミリメートル、殻径55ミリメートルになり長卵形。殻表は紫褐色と黄白色の縦斑(はん)があって、縞(しま)めのうのようである。殻口は大きく卵形で、外唇は薄く、軸唇下端に浅い湾入がある。繁殖力が強く、作物や観賞植物の食害が大きいばかりでなく、おもにネズミを宿主とし、まれに人間の脳に入って障害をおこすこともある広東住血線虫(カントンじゅうけつせんちゅう)を媒介する。このため小笠原などから本土への侵入を防ぐため厳しい規制が行われている。本種の全面駆除は薬品や人力によってもきわめて困難で、アフリカでは肉食性の陸貝ゴナキシス・キベツエンシスGonaxis kibweziensisを天敵として利用する防除法も試みられている。

[奥谷喬司]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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