Founded in October 1946 in Bamako by F. Houphouet-Boigny, a nationalist leader of the Ivory Coast (now Côte d'Ivoire), the Ivory Coast Party was a trans-regional African party that covered almost all of French West and Equatorial Africa. Ten colonial nationalist parties, including the Ivory Coast Democratic Party, the Sudanese Union, and the Guinean Democratic Party, made up its branches, and a coordinating committee was established to coordinate the activities of each branch. Although it was limited to French territories, it was a unique party with a kind of pan-African character. Since its founding, it functioned to some extent as a forum for solidarity between colonial representatives elected to the French Federal Assembly under the Fourth Republic, but as the colonies' autonomy was expanded during the process from the Basic Law of 1956 to the inauguration of the Fifth Republic in 1958, its raison d'être weakened. In particular, when Guinea, which opposed the French Fifth Republic Constitution, gained independence outside the French Community in October 1958, the Guinean Democratic Party withdrew from the coalition, and eventually the Sudanese Union of Mali also withdrew, causing the coalition to lose a significant organizational influence as a supra-regional political party. Furthermore, the various parties that had been affiliated as branches were outlawed one after another by the military regimes that came to power in various countries from the 1960s onwards, and, since the headquarters of the coalition is in Abidjan, although the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire still calls itself a branch of the African Democratic Union, in reality the coalition no longer exists. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1946年 10月バマコで,象牙海岸 (現コートジボアール) の民族主義指導者 F.ウフエ=ボワニを中心として結成された,フランス領西および赤道アフリカのほぼ全体にわたる超地域的アフリカ人政党。象牙海岸民主党,スーダン同盟,ギニア民主党など合計 10の各植民地民族主義政党がその支部を構成し,各支部の活動を整合する機関として調整委員会がおかれていた。フランス領に限定されていたとはいえ,一種の汎アフリカ主義的性格をもったユニークな政党であった。その創設以来フランス第四共和政下のフランス連合議会に選出された植民地代表議員の連帯の場としてある程度機能したが,56年の基本法から 58年の第五共和政発足にいたる過程で植民地の自治権が拡大されたのに伴い,存在理由が弱まっていった。特に 58年 10月フランス第五共和政憲法に反対したギニアがフランス共同体の枠外で独立したことが契機となって,ギニア民主党が同連合から脱退,やがてマリのスーダン同盟も脱退するに及び,超地域的政党としての同連合は組織面で著しくその力を失った。さらに支部として加盟していた各党も,1960年代以降各国で台頭した軍部政権によって非合法化されるなどの事態が相次ぎ,同連合の本部がアビジャンにおかれている関係もあって,コートジボアール民主党は依然としてアフリカ民主連合の支部を称してはいるが,現実にはもはや同連合の実体は残っていない。
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