Horn of Africa. The eastern part of the African continent, consisting of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia, borders the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. It is so named because its shape resembles a rhinoceros horn. The inhabitants are of a complex ethnic composition, including the Amhara, Tigray, Agou, Oromo (Garrah), Sidamo, and Somali, and in terms of religion, Muslims and Christians are mixed. Except for Ethiopia, the region was colonized by Italy, France, and Britain in the 19th century, and even after independence, conflicts continue because of the coexistence of multiple ethnic groups (Ethiopia, Djibouti) and the division of a single ethnic group (Somalia). In particular, conflicts between Somalia, which has sought to unify the areas inhabited by the Somali, and Ethiopia, which has the Ogaden region inhabited by many Somalis, have occurred intermittently since Somalia's independence in 1960, and the Ogaden War of 1977-1978 attracted international attention due to the large-scale military aid provided to Ethiopia by the Soviet Union and Cuba. An armed liberation struggle aimed at regaining independence also began in Eritrea, which was annexed as a province of Ethiopia in 1962, and the conflict was finally resolved with Eritrea's independence in 1993. In Somalia, the civil war intensified in the 1990s, and the situation became more serious when the northern part, formerly a British colony, declared independence as the Republic of Somaliland in 1991. In December 1992, the United Nations launched a peacekeeping operation (PKO) through the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM), but it was ineffective, and the peace enforcement force dispatched in May 1993 withdrew without achieving its objectives. → Related articles Somaliland | Middle East Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
Horn of Africa。エチオピア,エリトリア,ジブチ,ソマリアから構成され,インド洋と紅海に接するアフリカ大陸東部の地域。その形状がサイの角に似ていることから,このように呼ばれる。住民はアムハラ族,ティグレ族,アゴウ族,オロモ族(ガラ族),シダモ族,ソマリ族など複雑な民族構成をもち,宗教的にもイスラム教徒とキリスト教徒が混在している。エチオピア以外は19世紀にイタリア,フランス,英国に植民地化され,独立後も多民族が併存する状況(エチオピア,ジブチ)や単一民族が分断された状況(ソマリア)が残存しているため,紛争が絶えない。とくにソマリ族の居住地域の統一を目指してきたソマリアと,ソマリ族が多く居住するオガデン地域を自国内に抱えているエチオピアとの紛争は,1960年のソマリア独立以後断続的に起こり,1977年―1978年のオガデン戦争ではエチオピアへのソ連,キューバの大規模軍事援助が国際的な注目を集めた。また1962年にエチオピアの一州として併合されたエリトリアでも独立回復をめざす武装解放闘争が開始され,1993年のエリトリア独立でようやく紛争は解決した。ソマリアでは1990年代に入って内戦が激化し,旧英領であった北部が1991年にソマリランド共和国として分離独立を宣言するなど,情勢は深刻化した。国連は1992年12月国連ソマリア活動(UNOSOM)による平和維持活動(PKO)に乗り出したが効果がなく,1993年5月に派遣された平和執行部隊も目的を達成できずに撤退した。 →関連項目ソマリランド|中東 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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