A type of printing that belongs to the intaglio printing method. The plate is made of small, regularly-spaced recessed dots, which are filled with ink for printing. The size of the recessed dots on the same plate is the same, but their depth varies depending on the intensity of the color of the manuscript. The deeper the recessed dots are, the more ink they contain, and the darker the printed matter will be. The size of the recessed dots is about 0.1 mm square in posters and catalogs. In addition to ordinary gravure (conventional gravure), there is also screen gravure, which expresses the shade of light by the difference in the size of the recessed dots. There are two plate-making methods: the etching method and the electronic engraving method. The features of gravure are a wide range of color gradations and good reproducibility, the ink dries quickly, allowing high-speed printing, the ability to print on a wide range of materials including plastics, and the ability to print endless patterns. The disadvantages are that the plate-making costs are high, making it unsuitable for printing small runs, and notches appear on the edges of the characters on the printed matter. It is mainly used for publications and packaging, but is also used for printing building materials and woven fabrics. [Fumio Hiraishi] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
凹版印刷に属する印刷。版は規則正しく配列している細かい凹点からなり、これにインキを入れて印刷する方法。同一版面の凹点の大きさは同じであるが、深さが原稿の色の濃さにより異なり、深い凹点ほどインキが多く入るので印刷物は濃色となる。凹点の大きさは、ポスターやカタログでは0.1ミリメートル平方程度である。普通のグラビア(コンベンショナルグラビア)のほかに網グラビアがあり、凹点の大小の差によりその濃淡を表現する。製版方法には腐食法と電子彫刻法とがある。グラビアの特長は、色の階調が豊富でその再現性がよい、インキの乾燥が早く高速印刷ができる、プラスチックなど広い範囲の材料にも印刷が可能である、エンドレス模様の印刷ができる、などである。短所としては、製版費が高いので少部数の印刷には不向きである、印刷物の文字の縁に刻み目が生じる、などである。用途は出版物と包装用が主であるが、建材や織布の印刷にも利用される。 [平石文雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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