An electron tube for amplifying and oscillating microwaves (electrical vibrations of 1 gigahertz or higher). The travel speed of electrons inside the tube is modulated by the input signal, and a resonant cavity is used to extract the density difference that occurs in the electron flow when these electrons reach the output side. This is also called a velocity modulation tube. In 1935, the German brothers A. A. Heil and O. Heil came up with the idea of "velocity modulation," which actively utilizes the fluctuations in electron travel time that had become a problem with negative lattice vacuum tubes. This idea was realized in 1939 by R. H. Varian and S. F. Varian of Stanford University, and Metcalf of General Electric, and has since been widely used as a klystron. The electron stream emitted from the electron gun is velocity modulated as it passes through a gap in a cavity resonator (buncher) that resonates with the input signal. When this electron stream reaches the gap in an output cavity resonator (catcher) some distance away, its density is modulated by a bunching effect in which faster electrons catch up with slower electrons. Klystrons use this phenomenon to perform oscillation and amplification. Klystrons with separate bunchers and catchers are called linear klystrons and are primarily used for amplification, while klystrons that reflect the electron stream and share a cavity resonator for input and output are called reflection klystrons and are used for oscillation. There are also klystrons with pulsed operation of 100 megawatts and 1 megawatts of continuous wave for super-large accelerators and fusion plasmas, weighing almost one ton. [Michinori Iwata] ©Shogakukan "> Linear klystron and reflector klystron… When the velocity-modulated electrons move through the drift space, they are transformed into density modulation . Electron beam density modulation Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マイクロ波(1ギガヘルツ以上の電気振動)の増幅・発振用の電子管。電子管内の電子の走行速度を入力信号で変調し、これら電子が出力側に達するとき電子流に密度差が生ずるのを、共振空胴により取り出すもので、速度変調管ともよぶ。1935年にドイツのA・A・ハイルとO・ハイル兄弟は、負格子真空管で問題になった電子走行時間の変動を積極的に利用する「速度変調」のアイデアを出した。このアイデアはスタンフォード大学のR・H・バリアンとS・F・バリアン兄弟、およびゼネラル・エレクトリック社のメトカーフにより39年に具体化され、以後クライストロンとして広く用いられている。 電子銃から放射された電子流は、入力信号と共振する空胴共振器(バンチャー)の間隙(かんげき)を通過するとき速度変調される。この電子流は、ある距離を離れた出力用の空胴共振器(キャッチャー)の間隙に達するときに、先の遅い電子に後の速い電子が追い付くという集群作用によって密度変調されている。クライストロンはこの現象を利用して発振や増幅を行う。バンチャーとキャッチャーが別個のものを直進型クライストロンとよび、主として増幅用に用い、また、電子流を反射させて空胴共振器を入出力用に共用したものを反射型クライストロンとよび、発振用に用いる。超大型加速器や核融合プラズマ用にパルス動作で100メガワット連続波で1メガワットのクライストロンもあり、重量はほぼ1トンにも達している。 [岩田倫典] ©Shogakukan"> 直進型クライストロンと反射型クライスト… 速度変調された電子がドリフト空間を走行すると密度変調に変わる©Shogakukan"> 電子ビームの密度変調 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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