Doctor of Country - Doctor of Country

(1) The government's political advisors were appointed at the time of the Taika Reforms in 645 (Taika 1). Two men who were appointed to this position were the monk Shamonmin and Takamukonofuhito Kuromaro, both of whom had studied in China.

(2) The name of the instructor of national studies under the ritsuryo system. Under the ritsuryo system, one kokuhaku was appointed for each province to handle teaching examinations and to receive foreign envoys. In principle, they were appointed from within the province, but if there was no one capable of the job within the province, they were allowed to be appointed from neighboring provinces. Furthermore, in 703 (the 3rd year of the Taiho era), if there was no one in the neighboring provinces, they were to be appointed from the central government. The kokuhaku of the province was exempt from hard labor, while those from neighboring provinces were exempt from all taxes, and they were provided with six dan of official land and public rice.

[Toshio Araki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

(1)645年（大化1）の大化改新の際に設置された政府の政治顧問。入唐し、かの地で学んだ沙門旻(しゃもんみん)法師、高向史玄理(たかむこのふひとくろまろ)の両名が任じられた。

(2)令制(りょうせい)における国学の教官の名称。令制では、国ごとに国博士が1名置かれ、教授課試、外国使節の応接にあたることになっていた。原則として国内から任用され、国内に任に堪える人材がいない場合には傍国からの任用を許した。さらに703年（大宝3）には、傍国にもいない場合、中央から任命することになった。当国の国博士は徭役(ようえき)を、傍国のものは課役のすべてを免じられ、また職分田(しきぶんでん)6段と公廨稲(くがいとう)が支給された。

［荒木敏夫］

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