Capital losses

Japanese: キャピタル・ロス - きゃぴたるろす(英語表記)capital losses
Capital losses

This refers to losses due to a fall in the value of assets such as land and securities. The opposite of capital gains. In Japan, from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, companies and others accumulated large amounts of land in the hope of making large capital gains, but when the boom died down, they suffered large capital losses instead, which worsened their management, and some even went bankrupt.

In addition, capital losses are often cited as an issue in relation to the massive issuance of government bonds. Even in economic conditions in which monetary policy should be relaxed and interest rates lowered, the government may be forced to raise interest rates and make government bond prices cheaper in order to issue even more government bonds. On the one hand, this causes banks to incur capital losses, and on the other hand, it raises the investment financing costs of companies, causing the so-called crowding out (crowding out private demand for funds).

With regard to land, companies accumulated large amounts of land during the bubble economy of the late 1980s, and the fall in land prices after the bubble burst resulted in far greater capital losses than those in the early 1970s. The subprime mortgage problem in the United States (August 2007) and the subsequent bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers (September 2008) caused large capital losses in developed countries as stock prices fell.

[Yuichiro Otsuka]

[References] | Capital Gains | Subprime Mortgages | Bubble Economy | Lehman Brothers

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

土地や有価証券など保有資産の値下りによる損失をいう。キャピタル・ゲインcapital gainsに対する語。日本においては1960年代末から1970年代初期にかけて企業などが大きなキャピタル・ゲインをねらって大量の土地を抱え込んだが、ブームの消滅により逆に多額のキャピタル・ロスを被り、その経営を悪化させ、なかには破産するものまで現れた。

 また、大量発行されている国債との関連でキャピタル・ロスが問題とされることがよくある。本来、金融を緩和し利子率を下げるべき景気状況においてさえ、政府はよりいっそうの国債を発行するために、利子率を引き上げ、国債価格を安くしなければならなくなるかもしれない。これは一方において銀行にキャピタル・ロスを負担させ、他方において企業の投資資金調達コストを上昇させ、いわゆるクラウディング・アウト(民間資金需要の締め出し)を引き起こす、というのである。

 土地に関しては、1980年代後半のバブル経済のときに企業は多くの土地を抱え込み、バブル崩壊後の土地の値下りによって、1970年代初期に比べてはるかに膨大なキャピタル・ロスが発生したし、アメリカにおけるサブプライムローン問題(2007年8月)、その後のリーマン・ブラザーズの経営破綻(はたん)(2008年9月)は、先進各国に株安による大きなキャピタル・ロスを発生させた。

[大塚勇一郎]

[参照項目] | キャピタル・ゲイン | サブプライムローン | バブル経済 | リーマン・ブラザーズ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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